First Calf Born Through IVF Technology

Puducherry witnessed milestone in animal husbandry. The first calf born through In-Vitro Fertilized Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET) technology was delivered. This achievement is part of a pilot project initiated with the support of the Rashtriya Gokul Mission. The project aims to enhance the genetic quality of cattle in the region.

IVF-ET Process

The IVF-ET process began on July 1, 2024. A seven-day-old embryo was transferred to a jersey cow owned by a local farmer. The procedure was closely monitored by veterinary professionals. A successful conception test was conducted in October 2024, leading to the birth of a female jersey cross breed calf on March 28, 2025.

Significance of the Project

This project marks the first instance of surrogacy calf production through embryo transfer in Puducherry. The initiative is aimed at preserving and enhancing indigenous cattle breeds. It also seeks to upgrade the genetic potential of dairy cows. The successful birth demonstrates the viability of advanced reproductive technologies in local agriculture.

Goals and Targets

The Animal Husbandry department has set an ambitious goal. They aim to produce at least 500 heads of cattle using IVF-ET technology in Puducherry and Karaikal during the fiscal year. The focus is on breeding milch cows and buffaloes with superior genetic potential. The initiative is expected to yield female calves capable of producing up to 5,000 litres of milk per lactation.

Implementation and Costs

The implementation cost for the IVF technique is approximately ₹21,000 per cow. The programme benefits from a subsidy of ₹5,000 from the Central government. Additionally, the Puducherry government contributes ₹16,000 to the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB). This financial support aims to make the technology accessible to farmers.

Success Rate and Challenges

The success rate of the IVF-ET procedure stands at around 25%. This rate is notably higher than the national average. However, the technology poses challenges. It requires specialised expertise, advanced equipment, and proper facilities. These factors contribute to the higher costs compared to traditional breeding methods.

Benefits of IVF Technology

The advantages of using IVF in cattle breeding include increased genetic improvement and reduced breeding time. It also enhances herd management practices. These benefits contribute to overall productivity in dairy farming. The programme aligns with national goals for improving livestock quality.

Future Prospects

The success of this pilot project may pave the way for wider adoption of IVF technology in the region. Continued support from government initiatives like the Rashtriya Gokul Mission is crucial. This could lead to advancements in the dairy industry in Puducherry and beyond.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Examine the impact of advanced reproductive technologies on the dairy industry in India.
2. Discuss the role of government initiatives in enhancing livestock productivity in rural areas.
3. What are the challenges faced in the adoption of IVF technology in cattle breeding? Provide examples.
4. Critically discuss the significance of genetic improvement in livestock for food security and economic growth.

Answer Hints:

1. Examine the impact of advanced reproductive technologies on the dairy industry in India.

1. Advanced reproductive technologies (ART) like IVF-ET enhance genetic quality, leading to improved milk production.
2. ART reduces breeding time, allowing for faster herd improvement and increased productivity.
3. These technologies can help preserve indigenous breeds, contributing to biodiversity and sustainability.
4. Higher genetic potential leads to healthier cattle, reducing veterinary costs and improving overall herd management.
5. Wider adoption of ART can boost the dairy sector’s contribution to the economy and food security.

2. Discuss the role of government initiatives in enhancing livestock productivity in rural areas.

1. Government initiatives like the Rashtriya Gokul Mission provide financial support and subsidies for advanced breeding technologies.
2. These programs aim to improve genetic potential and production capacity of local cattle, enhancing rural livelihoods.
3. Training and resources are provided to farmers, increasing their knowledge and skill in modern farming practices.
4. Government support encourages collaboration with research institutions, leading to innovations in livestock management.
5. Such initiatives can help stabilize rural economies by increasing income from dairy farming.

3. What are the challenges faced in the adoption of IVF technology in cattle breeding? Provide examples.

1. IVF technology requires specialized expertise and training for successful implementation, which may be lacking in rural areas.
2. High costs associated with the technology (approximately ₹21,000 per cow) can deter smallholder farmers from adoption.
3. Limited access to advanced equipment and facilities can hinder the practical application of IVF.
4. Farmers may be hesitant to adopt new technologies due to lack of awareness or fear of failure.
5. There are regulatory and ethical considerations regarding animal welfare that need to be addressed.

4. Critically discuss the significance of genetic improvement in livestock for food security and economic growth.

1. Genetic improvement leads to higher milk yields, contributing to food security by increasing dairy availability.
2. Improved livestock can enhance the nutritional quality of food products, benefiting public health.
3. Higher productivity from genetically superior animals can increase farmers’ incomes and stimulate rural economies.
4. Genetic advancements can help livestock adapt to changing environmental conditions, ensuring sustainability.
5. Investment in genetic improvement aligns with national goals for agricultural development and economic growth.