The National Forensic Science University (NFSU) was established by the Indian Government in 2020 with a vision to fill the acute shortage of forensic experts both in India and globally. The NFSU holds the unique position of being the world’s sole university dedicated to Forensic, behavioral, cybersecurity, digital forensics, and related sciences. Furthermore, it has gained the status of an Institution of National Importance.
The NFSU’s main base is located in Gujarat, but it also boasts campuses in Bhopal, Goa, Tripura, Manipur, and Guwahati. Its mission encompasses educating through investigation, providing high-quality education that meets international standards, and conducting research in Forensic Science, Crime Investigation, Security, Behavioral Science, and Criminology.
Forensic Science – An Overview
Forensic science involves applying scientific methods and expertise to investigate crimes or scrutinize evidence that may be presented in court. This field pulls together a variety of disciplines, ranging from fingerprint and DNA analysis to anthropology and wildlife forensics.
Forensic science plays a pivotal role in the criminal justice system. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes to develop objective findings that can assist in investigating and prosecuting perpetrators or exonerate innocent individuals.
The Journey of Forensic Science in India
Historically, the inception of forensic science in India traces back to 1897 when the first Central Fingerprint Bureau was established in Kolkata. Fast forward to today, India now has more than 80 universities and colleges dedicated to the subject, including the NFSU and Rashtriya Raksha University at Lavad, Gandhinagar.
These institutions provide teaching, research, and training to students, police, and paramilitary forces for security purposes. Specialized centers such as the Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) have also been established for specialized studies.
Challenges Hindering Forensic Science in India
Despite the progress, forensic science in India faces manifold challenges. Erroneous convictions based on faulty forensic evidence remain a primary concern. Additionally, issues like lack of scientific certainty, poor research, absence of a solid code of ethics, lack of certification for experts, and non-availability of databases add to the problem.
Legislation Shaping Forensic Science in India
The Himachal Pradesh Police Act, 2007 authorizes the Director Forensic Science to advise the State Police board and government on creating forensic facilities for scientific investigation. In September 2020, the Indian Government passed two important acts, The National Forensic Science University (NFSU) Act 2020 and Rashtriya Raksha University (RRU) Act 2020, which laid the foundation for NFSU and RRU respectively.
The Road Ahead
To provide effective justice promptly, there is an urgent need to build capacity in the field of forensics in India. The quality of forensic reports relies heavily on the types of samples sent for testing by investigators. Therefore, training for investigating officers in the area of forensics should be mandatory. Additionally, uniform technology and expertise across forensic laboratories in India are crucial to maintain the quality of reports.
