Gangetic Dolphins Population Estimation in 2025

The first comprehensive estimate of the Gangetic dolphin population was released. This report coincided with World Wildlife Day and revealed that there are 6,327 Gangetic dolphins in the Ganga River and its tributaries. This figure marks milestone in conservation efforts for this endangered species. The study involved extensive surveying techniques that differ from previous methods, making it a landmark achievement in wildlife research.

Population Overview

The latest survey indicates 6,324 Gangetic dolphins and three Indus river dolphins. The population is distributed as follows – 3,275 in the main Ganga, 2,414 in its tributaries, 584 in the Brahmaputra mainstream, 51 in Brahmaputra tributaries, and 3 in the river Beas. Uttar Pradesh hosts the largest number, followed by Bihar, West Bengal, and Assam.

Survey Methodology

Conducted over a distance of 8,507 km, the survey began in 2021. Counting dolphins presents unique challenges. Unlike terrestrial animals, dolphins are often submerged and surface infrequently. They cannot be identified visually like tigers or elephants. The researchers employed acoustic hydrophones, which are underwater microphones, to detect dolphin sounds. This method allows for triangulation of dolphin presence while avoiding double counting.

Challenges Faced

Dolphins face threats, notably entanglement in fishing nets. Additionally, pollution poses a growing risk to their habitats. The survey team underwent specialised training to implement the new counting techniques effectively. Future surveys are planned for every four years to monitor population changes and assess conservation efforts.

Conservation Efforts

Prime Minister Narendra Modi presented the dolphin report during a meeting of the National Board for Wildlife in Gujarat. He brought into light the importance of local populations in conservation strategies. The initiative aims to engage school children in visiting dolphin habitats to encourage awareness and encourage conservation.

Future Directions

The next dolphin survey is expected to take place in four years. Continued research will focus on assessing the impact of pollution and fishing practices on dolphin populations. The collaboration between scientists and local communities is crucial for effective conservation measures.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Discuss the significance of riverine biodiversity in India with reference to the Gangetic dolphin.
2. Critically examine the methods used for wildlife population estimation, citing the case of Gangetic dolphins.
3. Explain the impact of pollution on aquatic ecosystems. What measures can be taken to mitigate this issue?
4. Comment on the role of local communities in wildlife conservation efforts. How can they be effectively engaged?

Answer Hints:

1. Discuss the significance of riverine biodiversity in India with reference to the Gangetic dolphin.

1. Riverine biodiversity supports ecological balance, providing habitats for various species.
2. Gangetic dolphins are a keystone species, indicating the health of the Ganga ecosystem.
3. They contribute to local culture and economy through ecotourism and traditional beliefs.
4. Loss of biodiversity, including dolphins, can lead to ecosystem degradation and loss of services.
5. Conservation of riverine species is crucial for sustainable development and climate resilience.

2. Critically examine the methods used for wildlife population estimation, citing the case of Gangetic dolphins.

1. Traditional methods often rely on visual counts, which are ineffective for elusive species like dolphins.
2. The use of acoustic hydrophones allows for detecting dolphins without visual identification.
3. Triangulation techniques help avoid double counting, enhancing accuracy in population estimates.
4. The extensive survey covered 8,507 km, showcasing the scale and effort involved in the study.
5. Training of surveyors in new methodologies is essential for effective wildlife monitoring.

3. Explain the impact of pollution on aquatic ecosystems. What measures can be taken to mitigate this issue?

1. Pollution leads to habitat degradation, affecting biodiversity and species survival.
2. Contaminants can disrupt food chains and reproductive systems of aquatic organisms.
3. Measures include stricter regulations on waste disposal and industrial runoff into rivers.
4. Community awareness and involvement in clean-up efforts can enhance local stewardship.
5. Restoration projects and sustainable practices can help rehabilitate polluted ecosystems.

4. Comment on the role of local communities in wildlife conservation efforts. How can they be effectively engaged?

1. Local communities are vital for conservation as they often interact directly with wildlife and habitats.
2. Engagement through education and awareness programs can encourage a conservation ethic.
3. Involvement in ecotourism can provide economic incentives for protecting local biodiversity.
4. Collaboration in monitoring and research initiatives can empower communities and build capacity.
5. Policies should support community-led conservation efforts, ensuring their voices are heard in decision-making.