In recent news, geologists have detected magnetite pollution in the roadside dust of Kolkata. The frequency of this pollutant is noticeably higher in areas with heavy vehicular traffic and other sources of pollution. It has been observed that the amount of magnetite present directly correlates with the volume of traffic on a given road.
Understanding Magnetite Pollution
Magnetite pollution refers to the presence of a magnetic mineral called Magnetite (Fe3O4) which is generally released into the environment as a consequence of human activities such as mining, steel production, and various industrial processes. Magnetite, an iron oxide, ranks as the most magnetic mineral found naturally on earth. This natural magnet comprises about 72% metallic iron. In India, Magnetite reserves are located primarily in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Goa, and Kerala.
The Ecological Impact of Magnetite Pollution
Magnetic particles, like those from Magnetite, have been found to disrupt the migratory patterns of birds and other animals. This disruption can adversely affect their survival and reproduction rates.
Soil and Water Contamination Resulting From Magnetite Pollution
These magnetic particles also pose substantial threats to the environment as they can infiltrate the soil and water. Resultant contamination may hinder plant growth and upset the health and wellbeing of aquatic life.
Human Health Risks of Magnetite Pollution
The act of inhaling magnetic particles may give rise to respiratory difficulties and other health complications, including lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and damage to the central nervous system.
Effects of Magnetite on Buildings and Infrastructure
Magnetic particles can contribute to the corrosion of steel structures and other metallic objects, causing cumulative damage over extended periods.
Magnetite’s Impact on Electronic Equipment
Magnetic pollution, in general, can interfere with the functionality of electronic equipment, impacting tools like compasses and navigation systems.
UPSC Civil Service Examination Query on Air Quality Index
In a previous year’s question of the UPSC Civil Services Examination, candidates were asked which atmospheric gases are normally considered when calculating the value of the Air Quality Index. The options included carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and methane. The correct answer was carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide.
Revised Global Air Quality Guidelines: Changes and Impact
The revised Global Air Quality Guidelines (AQGs), recently released by the World Health Organisation (WHO) has brought significant changes from its predecessor, first established in 2005. For India’s National Clean Air Programme to align with these updated guidelines, several amendments have been suggested.