The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that traditional medicine is practised in 88% of its member states. For billions, especially in low- and middle-income countries, it remains the primary healthcare option due to its accessibility and affordability. The global traditional medicine market is expected to reach $583 billion by 2025, growing annually at 10% to 20%. This growth marks a shift from reactive treatment to preventive healthcare that addresses root causes. India’s Ayurveda and AYUSH systems have emerged as key players in this global transformation.
Global Significance of Traditional Medicine
Traditional medicine supports more than just health. It aids biodiversity conservation, nutrition security and sustainable livelihoods. Countries like China, Australia and India have large traditional medicine markets valued at billions of dollars. This sector’s expansion reflects increasing acceptance of holistic and preventive health models worldwide.
India’s AYUSH Sector Growth
India’s AYUSH industry has expanded nearly eight-fold in under a decade. Over 92,000 micro, small and medium enterprises operate in this sector. Manufacturing revenues rose from ₹21,697 crore in 2014-15 to over ₹1.37 lakh crore recently. The services sector contributes ₹1.67 lakh crore. India exports AYUSH and herbal products worth $1.54 billion to more than 150 countries. Ayurveda is gaining formal recognition globally, enhancing India’s economic and cultural influence.
Awareness and Usage in India
The National Sample Survey Office (2022-23) found that 95% of rural and 96% of urban Indians are aware of AYUSH. Over half the population used these systems in the previous year. Ayurveda is preferred for rejuvenation and preventive care, denoting its role beyond treatment towards wellness maintenance.
Scientific Validation and Research
India invests heavily in research through institutions like the All India Institute of Ayurveda and the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences. These bodies focus on clinical validation, drug standardisation and integrative care models combining traditional and modern medicine. This scientific approach strengthens the credibility and global acceptance of Ayurveda.
Global Outreach and Cooperation
India’s Ministry of AYUSH has signed 25 bilateral agreements and 52 institutional partnerships worldwide. It has established 43 AYUSH Information Cells in 39 countries and 15 academic chairs in foreign universities. The WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre in India promotes integration of traditional medicine with modern science and digital health technologies like artificial intelligence.
Ayurveda’s Holistic Philosophy
Ayurveda emphasises balance—between body and mind, humans and nature, consumption and conservation. Its principles address lifestyle diseases and climate challenges. The system extends to veterinary and plant health, promoting a holistic view of wellbeing. The 2025 theme Ayurveda for People & Planet marks this comprehensive vision.
Integration of Technology and Tradition
The WHO’s focus on AI in traditional medicine aims to enhance clinical validation, big-data analytics and predictive care. Combining ancient wisdom with modern technology positions traditional medicine as a vital component of future global health systems. Ayurveda Day 2025 puts stress on this evolving role.
Questions for UPSC:
- Taking example of India’s AYUSH sector, discuss the role of traditional medicine in promoting sustainable healthcare in developing countries.
- Examine the impact of integrating artificial intelligence with traditional medicine systems on global health outcomes.
- With suitable examples, discuss the relationship between biodiversity conservation and traditional medicine practices.
- Critically discuss the challenges and opportunities in mainstreaming traditional medicine within the modern healthcare framework.
