The Indian Parliament was recently enlightened about the initiatives undertaken by the Government to address the Shipping industry’s uncertainties related to lowering sulphur oxide emissions. As of January 1, 2020, there will be a restriction on the percentage of sulphur used in fuel oil on ships, reducing it to 0.50% m/m (mass by mass).
Emissions: Key Factors and Concerns
Bunker oil, the primary type of heavy fuel oil for ships, is a by-product of crude oil distillation, containing sulphur. When combusted in engines, it releases sulphur oxides. These oxides pose severe health hazards, such as respiratory symptoms and lung diseases.
Moreover, when released into the atmosphere, these sulphur oxides can cause acid rain, damaging crops, forests, and aquatic species. They significantly contribute to the acidification of oceans, causing distress to marine life and disturbing the ecological balance.
The Role of International Maritime Organisation
The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) initiated regulations to reduce sulphur oxides emissions from ships, which first came into action in 2005. These rules were incorporated under Annex VI of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, also known as the MARPOL Convention, which was established in 1973.
India is not only an active participant of this International Convention but has signed and committed to all its annexes, indicating a determined stand towards alleviating pollution from ships.
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| 1973 | MARPOL Convention initiated |
| 2005 | IMO regulations to reduce sulphur emissions from ships come into force |
| 2020 | Sulphur usage in fuel oil on ships reduced to 0.50% m/m |
Impact of Limiting Sulphur Oxides Emissions
Capping sulphur oxides emissions from ships is a significant step towards improving air quality and preserving the environment. The move will greatly benefit the health of populations living near ports and coasts who are often most exposed to the harmful effects of these emissions.
The cap represents an acknowledgment from India and the global community of the detrimental health and environmental impacts of sulphur oxide emissions. It underscores the need for collective action to mitigate these impacts, particularly in industries such as shipping where the potential for harm is high. By adhering to the IMO regulations and implementing the sulphur cap, India is demonstrating a strong commitment towards sustainable and responsible industry practices.
