The recent developments in the Indian Government’s agenda indicate its focus towards promoting awareness about Fundamental Duties amongst the citizens. The concept of these duties, heavily influenced by the Russian Constitution, has been given a weighty significance in the Indian Constitution. They act as guidelines for all citizens to fulfill their obligations towards their country, society and fellow members.
Origin of Fundamental Duties
Fundamental Duties were integrated into Part IV-A of the Indian Constitution via the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act in 1976, based on suggestions from the Swaran Singh Committee. Initially, there were 10 duties, but the count eventually increased to 11 after the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act was implemented in 2002.
These duties found their place in Article 51-A of the Constitution, the only article under Part-IV-A. The intention behind implementing these duties was to remind Indian citizens of their responsibilities whilst they enjoy their constitutional rights. However, akin to Directive Principles, these duties are non-justiciable, which means they cannot be legally enforced.
List of Fundamental Duties
The Fundamental Duties, as listed in the Indian Constitution, serve as a code of conduct for all citizens. They include:
- Respecting the Constitution, and its institutions, the National Flag, and the National Anthem,
- Valuing the freedom movement and following its noble ideals,
- Upholding and safeguarding the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India,
- Standing in defense of the country and offering national service when required,
- Promoting harmony and brotherhood beyond religious, linguistic, and regional diversities, renouncing practices that disrespect women,
- Preserving the rich heritage of the nation’s composite culture,
- Protecting the natural environment, wildlife and showing compassion towards living creatures,
- Encouraging scientific temperament, humanism, spirit of inquiry and reform,
- Guarding public property and discouraging violence,
- Striving for excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity for national growth,
- Providing education opportunities for every child or ward between six to fourteen years (added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002).
Important Factoids about Fundamental Duties
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| Inspiration | Russian Constitution |
| Constitutional Amendment | 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 |
| Committee Recommendations | Swaran Singh Committee |
| Total Number of Duties | Initially 10, now 11 |
| Article Number | Article 51-A |
Significance of Fundamental Duties
The core purpose of outlining the Fundamental Duties in the Constitution is to induce a sense of responsibility and obligation among citizens while enjoying their given rights. The list serves as a reminder to the citizens about their duties towards their country and their fellow citizens.
