The Haryana government has announced plans to construct a war memorial in Ambala in recognition of the brave martyrs of the 1857 uprising. The unsung heroes who fought against British rule during the first revolt will be remembered and their sacrifices immortalized within this commemorative establishment. Additionally, the war memorial will underline the state of Haryana’s significant contributions to the Indian struggles for freedom. The focus will also be on the specific events that took place in Ambala during the revolt.
Understanding the 1857 Revolt
The revolt of 1857 marked the first organized movement against the British East India Company. Initially instigated by the sepoys (Indian soldiers) of the Company’s army, it soon garnered the support and participation of the masses. Other names for the revolt include the Sepoy Mutiny, the Great Rebellion, the Revolt of 1857, the Indian Insurrection, and the First War of Independence.
Role of Haryana in the 1857 Revolt
Historian KC Yadav argues in his book ‘The Revolt of 1857 in Haryana’ that the revolt initially began in Ambala, not Meerut as generally believed. Key figures from Haryana in this revolt included Rao Tula Ram, Gaffur Ali, Harsukh Rai, Dhanu Singh, and Nahar Singh. Significant battles took place in areas such as Sirsa, Sonipat, Rohtak, and Hissar.
Causes of the Uprising
Several reasons lead to the uprising of 1857. The expansionist policies of the British, including their Doctrine of Lapse and direct annexation, resulted in many Indian rulers losing their lands, creating fear among other ruling families. Social and religious causes played a part as well, with the rapid spread of Western civilization and its perceived threat to traditional social structures causing mass discontent. Economically, heavy taxes on land and stringent revenue collection methods as well as the influx of British manufactured goods detrimental to local industries contributed to the unrest. Lastly, discrimination within the British army led to resentment among Indian sepoys, culminating in the revolt sparked by the Enfield rifle cartridge incident.
Centres of Revolt, Leadership and Suppression
The revolt spread across various regions in India, each with its own local leaders. Resistance was met with suppression by British officials.
Causes for Failure of the Revolt
Despite powerful resistance in some areas, the uprising failed due to a lack of widespread support, effective leadership, and sufficient resources. The middle class, educated in English, and the wealthy merchants and zamindars, particularly from Bengal, assisted the British in quashing the rebellion.
Aftermath of the Revolt
Following the rebellion, the East India Company’s rule in India ended, with Queen Victoria taking over administration. A commitment to religious tolerance was made and the customs and traditions of India were respected. Administrative changes resulted in the Viceroy replacing the Governor-General, and military reorganisation occurred to prevent future revolts.