In response to the alarming number of heatwave-related deaths in certain regions of India, Union Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya has taken proactive measures to address this growing concern. With the dispatch of central teams to affected states and the collaboration between the Indian Council of Medical Research and other agencies, the government aims to devise preventive plans and mitigate the risks associated with heat strokes. Let’s delve into the concept of heat strokes, their impact, and how to prevent them.
Heat Strokes: A Severe Heat-Related Illness
Heat strokes, also known as sunstrokes, are severe heat-related illnesses that occur when the body overheats due to exposure to high temperatures and humidity, or as a result of continuous physical activity in such conditions. They are considered medical emergencies and require immediate treatment. Heat strokes occur when the surrounding temperature is extremely high, hindering the body’s ability to sweat adequately and regulate its core temperature. As a result, the core temperature rises significantly, reaching 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) or higher.
The Impact and Fatality of Heat Strokes
Individuals experiencing heat exhaustion or dehydration, which are milder forms of heat-related illnesses, may exhibit symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, hypotension (low blood pressure), and tachycardia (increased heart rate). However, heat stroke can have devastating consequences, leading to permanent disability or even death if not promptly treated.
Understanding the Fatality of Heat Strokes
The combination of high temperature and high humidity, known as the wet bulb temperature, is what makes heat waves particularly deadly. Increased moisture content in the atmosphere hampers the evaporation of sweat and the body’s ability to cool down. This results in a significant increase in internal body temperature, often proving fatal. When the body temperature reaches 104F (40C) or higher, it can lead to severe dehydration, organ damage, and ultimately death if left untreated.
Reasons for the Escalating Cases of Heat Strokes in India
Several factors contribute to the increasing incidence of heat strokes in India:
- Climate Change: Global warming and climate change have caused rising temperatures in the country, making heat waves more intense and frequent.
- Urban Heat Island Effect: Urban areas characterized by concrete structures and a lack of greenery trap heat, leading to higher temperatures within cities.
- El Nino Effects: The conclusion of the La Nina phase is expected to result in extremely hot summers this year, further exacerbating the risk of heat strokes.
- Lack of Awareness and Preparedness: Many individuals are unaware of the risks associated with heat strokes or the preventive measures to mitigate them. This lack of awareness contributes to the increase in heat stroke cases.
Preventing Heat Strokes: Key Measures to Follow
To avoid heat strokes and protect oneself during extreme heat conditions, it is crucial to take preventive measures:
- Seek Shade: Minimize exposure to direct sunlight, especially between noon and 3 pm, when temperatures are typically at their peak. Find shade or stay indoors during this time.
- Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, particularly water, throughout the day to stay hydrated. Avoid sugary and caffeinated beverages as they can contribute to dehydration.
- Dress Appropriately: Wear loose-fitting, lightweight, and light-colored clothing to allow for better air circulation and to reflect sunlight.
- Limit Physical Exertion: Avoid engaging in strenuous activities during hot weather conditions, especially during the peak heat hours. If necessary, schedule outdoor activities during cooler parts of the day.
- Stay Cool: Use fans, air conditioners, or other cooling devices to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature. If necessary, take cool showers or baths to lower your body temperature.
- Check on Vulnerable Individuals: Regularly check on older adults, young children, and individuals with chronic illnesses who are more susceptible to heat-related illnesses.
