In recent times, Hong Kong has been the epicenter of massive protests triggered by a government proposal to permit extradition to mainland China. The large-scale demonstrations are among the most significant in the city’s history and bear testament to the escalating apprehension and resentment over diminishing civil liberties. These protests have drawn parallels with the pro-democracy Umbrella Movement that took place five years prior.
The Historical Context of Hongkong
Located on the southeast coast of China, Hong Kong boasts a strategic position on the Pearl River Delta and the South China Sea. This unique location has been instrumental in its evolution into one of the globe’s most bustling and cosmopolitan cities. The city, as we recognize it today, came into existence following the defeat of China’s Qing dynasty in the First Opium War in 1842, leading to the cession of Hong Kong Island to Britain. Hong Kong remained under British rule until 1997.
Transition to a Special Administrative Region
According to the Sino-British declaration based on the principle of ‘One Country, Two Systems’, Hong Kong was repositioned as a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People’s Republic of China on July 1, 1997. This unique arrangement permits the city to maintain a high degree of autonomy, enabling the continuation of its capitalist system, independent judiciary and rule of law, free trade, and freedom of speech.
Key Facts About Hongkong
| Fact | Description |
|---|---|
| Location | Southeast coast of China |
| Key Strategic Position | Pearl River Delta and South China Sea |
| Establishment | Post the defeat of China’s Qing dynasty in First Opium War in 1842 |
| Transition to SAR | July 1, 1997, under the principle of ‘One Country, Two Systems’ |
| Civil Liberties | Capitalist system, independent judiciary and rule of law, free trade, and freedom of speech. |
New Challenges: Chinese Interference and Pro-Democracy Protests
The increasing interference from the communist regime of mainland China in Hong Kong’s internal affairs and oppressive policies has given rise to numerous pro-democracy protests in recent times. The city’s citizens are demanding greater autonomy and fighting against any attempt to impinge upon their civil liberties.
