Hydro Power Project’s Impact on Cheetahs in Rajasthan

Environmental concerns escalated over a proposed hydro power project in Shahbad tehsil, Rajasthan. Activist Prashant Patni raised alarms about the project’s potential harm to the cheetah population in Kuno National Park, Madhya Pradesh. The project, managed by Greenko Energy Pvt Ltd, aims to generate 1,800 megawatts of electricity but threatens to destroy vital habitats.

Project Overview

The hydro power project is set to occupy 408 hectares of land within a protected forest area. It is estimated to require the felling of around 125,000 trees, although Patni argues that the actual number could exceed 400,000. This deforestation poses risks to local biodiversity and wildlife.

Impact on Cheetah Movement

The Kuno National Park is currently home to 20 cheetahs introduced from Namibia and South Africa. The park’s size is inadequate for these big cats, and the new hydro project threatens to disrupt their migration routes. The cheetah corridor is crucial for their movement and survival, and its destruction could have dire consequences.

Biodiversity Concerns

The Shahbad forest hosts approximately 450 species of medicinal plants and serves as a nesting site for endangered vultures. The loss of this habitat would not only affect the cheetahs but also many other species that rely on the forest ecosystem.

Climate Change Implications

The forest area plays a critical role in carbon sequestration, absorbing about 2.25 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. Its destruction would exacerbate climate change impacts, undermining efforts to mitigate environmental degradation.

Alternative Solutions

Patni advocates for alternative clean energy solutions that do not compromise environmental integrity. Suggested locations such as Kota and Bundi have less forested area, making them more suitable for the project without harming wildlife.

Government Stance

The government has expressed a commitment to balancing ecological and economic needs. Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav stated the importance of co-existence between ecology and economy. The ongoing debate marks the tension between development and conservation.

Public Awareness and Advocacy

Public awareness is crucial in influencing policy decisions. Activists like Patni play a vital role in denoting potential environmental damages. Their efforts aim to ensure that development projects consider ecological ramifications.

Future of Cheetahs in India

The future of cheetahs in India hinges on effective conservation strategies. The National Tiger Conservation Authority has outlined plans for a 17,000 sq km landscape to support cheetah populations. Successful implementation will depend on safeguarding their habitats.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically examine the impact of large-scale hydro power projects on local ecosystems and biodiversity.
2. Discuss the measures needed to ensure the survival of cheetah populations in India.
3. Explain the significance of carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems and its role in climate change mitigation.
4. With suitable examples, discuss the balance between economic development and environmental conservation in India.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically examine the impact of large-scale hydro power projects on local ecosystems and biodiversity.

1. Large-scale hydro power projects often require extensive land clearing, leading to habitat destruction.
2. Deforestation can result in loss of biodiversity, affecting flora and fauna dependent on the ecosystem.
3. Alteration of water flow can disrupt local aquatic ecosystems and species migration patterns.
4. Such projects may lead to soil erosion and increased sedimentation in waterways, impacting water quality.
5. Long-term ecological balance is threatened, as the introduction of infrastructure can fragment habitats.

2. Discuss the measures needed to ensure the survival of cheetah populations in India.

1. Establish and maintain larger protected areas to accommodate cheetah populations and their prey.
2. Create and preserve wildlife corridors to facilitate safe movement between habitats.
3. Implement strict anti-poaching laws and conservation programs to protect cheetahs from illegal hunting.
4. Engage local communities in conservation efforts to promote coexistence and reduce human-wildlife conflict.
5. Conduct ongoing research and monitoring to adapt conservation strategies based on population dynamics.

3. Explain the significance of carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems and its role in climate change mitigation.

1. Carbon sequestration refers to the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide in biomass and soil.
2. Forests act as carbon sinks, absorbing CO2 and reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere.
3. Healthy forest ecosystems contribute to biodiversity, enhancing resilience against climate impacts.
4. Forests play important role in regulating local climates and maintaining water cycles.
5. Protecting and restoring forest areas is essential for achieving climate goals and combating global warming.

4. With suitable examples, discuss the balance between economic development and environmental conservation in India.

1. India’s economic growth often relies on resource extraction, leading to environmental degradation (e.g., mining).
2. Projects like the Narmada Dam illustrate conflicts between development and displacement of local ecosystems and communities.
3. Renewable energy initiatives, such as solar parks in Rajasthan, show potential for economic growth while minimizing environmental impact.
4. Government policies promoting sustainable development aim to integrate ecological considerations in planning (e.g., National Biodiversity Action Plan).
5. Public awareness and activism can drive policy changes that promote a balance between development and conservation (e.g., Project Cheetah).