India has taken step in clean transportation with the successful testing of a hydrogen-powered train developed at the Integral Coach Factory in Chennai. This innovation supports the National Green Hydrogen Mission, which seeks to produce five million metric tonnes of green hydrogen annually by 2030. The train will soon operate on an 89-km route between Jind and Sonipat in Haryana, marking a milestone in the country’s journey towards net zero emissions by 2070.
Hydrogen Train Technology
The train uses hydrogen fuel cells to generate electricity. Hydrogen stored in tanks undergoes a chemical reaction in fuel cells, producing electricity that powers the train’s motors. The process emits only water, making it environmentally friendly. This technology combines the benefits of electric trains with zero carbon emissions.
Hydrogen Production Process
Hydrogen is produced using a polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyser. This device splits water molecules into oxygen, protons, and electrons using electricity. The membrane allows only protons to pass through, keeping hydrogen and oxygen separate. The hydrogen gas is then compressed and stored for use as fuel. The electricity for this process must come from renewable sources to ensure the hydrogen is truly green.
Renewable Energy Integration
Green hydrogen relies on renewable energy such as solar and wind power. India plans to expand these energy sources to meet the National Green Hydrogen Mission’s targets. This integration reduces dependence on fossil fuels and supports sustainable development goals.
Innovations in Hydrogen Production
Research is ongoing to lower the cost of hydrogen production. Current catalysts like platinum and iridium are expensive. Scientists are exploring alternatives such as nickel, cobalt, and iron. For example, nickel-nickel hydroxide-graphite electrodes have shown promising water-splitting capabilities similar to platinum. Microbial electrolytic cells that use microbes to generate hydrogen from organic waste also offer a sustainable option.
Environmental and Economic Impact
Hydrogen trains reduce air pollution and carbon emissions. They offer a cleaner alternative to diesel-powered trains. The technology can stimulate economic growth by creating jobs in green energy sectors. It also supports India’s climate commitments and energy security.
Future Prospects
The success of the hydrogen train project may encourage wider adoption of hydrogen fuel in transportation. Expanding hydrogen infrastructure and renewable energy capacity will be critical. Continued research and innovation will help make green hydrogen affordable and accessible nationwide.
Questions for UPSC:
- Critically analyse the role of green hydrogen in achieving India’s net zero emissions target by 2070 with suitable examples.
- Explain the working principle of polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysers and discuss their significance in sustainable energy production.
- What are the challenges in replacing precious metal catalysts in hydrogen fuel cells? How can alternative materials contribute to cost reduction?
- Comment on the integration of renewable energy sources with hydrogen production and its impact on India’s energy security and environmental goals.
