The National Centre of Excellence in Carbon Capture and Utilisation (NCoE-CCU) at IIT Bombay has recently introduced a new technology that converts carbon dioxide (CO2) into carbon monoxide (CO). This unique technological innovation is not only highly energy-efficient but also presents promising applications for the steel industry. Moreover, this development is in line with India’s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2070.
The Working Process of CO2 to CO Conversion Technology
Unlike traditional methods of conversion that demand high temperatures ranging from 400-750 °C, this newly invented process operates through an electrocatalysis mechanism that can function effectively at ambient temperatures (25-40 °C). The presence of water during this process eliminates the necessity for high-temperature conditions, making it more energy-efficient and sustainable.
The energy needed for this catalytic reaction can be obtained directly from renewable sources such as solar panels or wind turbines, ensuring a carbon-neutral operation, thereby conforming entirely to environmentally friendly and sustainable standards.
Potential Significance for the Steel Industry
In the steel industry, carbon monoxide plays a crucial role in converting iron ores into metallic iron in blast furnaces. It serves as a commonly used chemical, particularly in the form of syn gas. Conventionally, the production of CO occurs through the partial oxidation of coke or coal, which leads to significant CO2 emissions.
The newly developed CO2 to CO conversion technology opens doors for a circular economy, reducing the carbon footprint alongside the associated costs in steel manufacturing processes.
Understanding the Electrocatalytic Process
The electrocatalytic process is an effective and affordable catalytic procedure that involves a direct electron transfer between an electrode and reactants. This process is eco-friendly, efficient, and inexpensive, making it a suitable choice for various sustainable energy technologies.
Insights about Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas, is slightly less dense than air. It is generated as a byproduct of incomplete hydrocarbon combustion. Common sources of CO include the burning of fossil fuels such as natural gas, petrol, oil, and coal; wood smoke; and emissions from vehicles.
While it plays a role in forming ozone at ground level, it is short-lived in the atmosphere and poses potential harm to human health as it can displace oxygen from the hemoglobin in blood.
UPSC Civil Services Examination: Previous Year Question
A question from the 2019 UPSC Civil Services Examination regards the release of certain gases, including carbon monoxide, due to the burning of crop or biomass residue. The correct answer confirmed that carbon monoxide, methane, ozone, and sulphur dioxide all could be released into the atmosphere because of such activity. This underscores the importance of both understanding and addressing environmental impacts of various industrial and agricultural practices.