NASA is set to launch the Integrated LCRD Low Earth Orbit User Modem and Amplifier Terminal (ILLUMA-T), a pioneering technology demonstration, to the International Space Station (ISS). Roughly the size of a refrigerator, ILLUMA-T will utilize laser communication relay systems to send high-resolution data, such as images and videos, to the Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) at 1.2 gigabits per second. This two-way, end-to-end laser relay system aims to enhance data transmission capabilities for space missions, enabling more significant discoveries and efficient use of spacecraft resources.
Facts/Terms for UPSC Prelims
- Integrated LCRD Low Earth Orbit User Modem and Amplifier Terminal (ILLUMA-T): A cutting-edge technology demonstration designed to facilitate high-speed data transmission through laser communication relay systems. ILLUMA-T is being launched to the International Space Station to enhance communication capabilities.
- Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD): A spaceborne system launched in December 2021 that serves as part of NASA’s laser communication technology development. LCRD enables efficient two-way communication between space assets using laser beams.
- Japanese Experiment Module-Exposed Facility (JEM-EF): An external platform on the ISS dedicated to hosting scientific experiments and equipment. ILLUMA-T will be installed on this facility to conduct its technology demonstration.
- Microgravity: The condition in which objects appear to be weightless due to the very weak gravitational forces experienced in space. Studying microgravity provides insights into various physical phenomena and human adaptation to space environments.
- Radio Systems vs. Laser Communications: Radio systems and laser communication systems are methods of transmitting data in space. Laser systems offer benefits such as higher data transmission rates, reduced size, weight, and power requirements, making them valuable for enhancing space missions.
