IMD Plans Expansion of Meteorological Network by 2027

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is set to enhance its observational network by 2027. This initiative aims to improve weather forecast accuracy by 10 to 15 per cent. The announcement coincided with the IMD’s 150th foundation day and is part of its vision document for 2047. The IMD will install over 150,000 automated meteorological observational networks across district and block levels. This will provide localised data with improved resolution, crucial for accurate weather predictions.

Expansion of Observational Infrastructure

The IMD plans to install eight new meteorological towers in the Northeast and coastal regions. Additionally, 110 high wind speed recorders will be upgraded. These upgrades will allow for better monitoring of weather patterns at regional scales. The six regional meteorological centres will feature automated climate reference stations. These stations will play a vital role in tracking weather changes effectively.

Integration of Advanced Technologies

The IMD aims to incorporate emerging technologies into its observational capabilities. This includes the installation of 150 automatic weather stations equipped with advanced sensors powered by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. AI-based sensors will measure solar radiation, aiding forecasts related to renewable energy. These advancements will ensure that the IMD remains at the forefront of meteorological science.

Focus on Renewable Energy

The new observational weather stations will operate on limited power or solar energy. This is particularly important for data collection in remote and inaccessible regions. The IMD plans to establish around 100 solar and wind-powered surface observatories within the next two years. This focus aligns with global trends towards sustainable energy solutions.

Improving Instrument Manufacturing

To support its enhanced observational capabilities, the IMD will establish six new calibration laboratories at select regional centres. This will improve the in-house manufacturing of instruments. Currently, the IMD operates workshops in Delhi and Pune. The aim is to ensure that the equipment used for weather monitoring is of the highest quality.

Benefits of Technological Advancements

These technological improvements will enable the IMD to deliver more accurate and reliable weather forecasts. They will also enhance the agency’s ability to provide timely early warnings. The IMD’s approach will encompass an earth system science framework, integrating oceanic, terrestrial, atmospheric, and space systems. This holistic view is essential for understanding complex weather phenomena.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Examine the role of the India Meteorological Department in disaster management and climate resilience.
2. Discuss the significance of integrating artificial intelligence in meteorological forecasting and its potential impacts.
3. Critically discuss the advancements in renewable energy technologies and their implications for sustainable development.
4. With suitable examples, analyse the importance of localised weather data in agricultural planning and food security.

Answer Hints:

1. Examine the role of the India Meteorological Department in disaster management and climate resilience.

1. IMD provides timely weather forecasts and early warnings, crucial for disaster preparedness.
2. It collaborates with government agencies to develop disaster management plans based on meteorological data.
3. IMD’s data aids in assessing climate risks and vulnerabilities, enhancing community resilience.
4. It plays a key role in monitoring extreme weather events, helping to mitigate their impacts.
5. Training and capacity building initiatives by IMD support local authorities in disaster response strategies.

2. Discuss the significance of integrating artificial intelligence in meteorological forecasting and its potential impacts.

1. AI enhances data processing capabilities, allowing for quicker and more accurate weather predictions.
2. Machine learning algorithms can identify patterns in vast datasets, improving forecast models.
3. AI-based sensors provide real-time data, crucial for immediate weather updates and alerts.
4. Integration of AI can lead to more localized and specific forecasts, benefiting various sectors.
5. It enables predictive analytics, aiding in proactive disaster management and resource allocation.

3. Critically discuss the advancements in renewable energy technologies and their implications for sustainable development.

1. Advancements in solar and wind technologies have reduced costs and improved efficiency.
2. Renewable energy reduces dependence on fossil fuels, contributing to lower greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Innovations in energy storage and smart grids enhance energy reliability and accessibility.
4. Renewable technologies create job opportunities and stimulate economic growth in green sectors.
5. They support energy security and resilience, particularly in remote and underserved areas.

4. With suitable examples, analyse the importance of localised weather data in agricultural planning and food security.

1. Localized data helps farmers make informed decisions on crop selection and planting times.
2. It aids in predicting weather extremes, allowing for timely interventions to protect crops.
3. Localized forecasts enhance irrigation management, optimizing water use in agriculture.
4. Data on pests and diseases can be integrated into forecasts, improving crop protection strategies.
5. Examples include the use of localized weather data in India for improving rice and wheat yields.