The Government of India announced progress in quantum computer technology. Four leading institutions have been designated as operational “hubs.” These hubs aim to enhance research and development in quantum computing. The National Quantum Mission (NQM) is a key initiative, with an extensive budget and ambitious goals.
National Quantum Mission
The National Quantum Mission was approved by the Indian Union Cabinet in April 2023. It has an outlay of ₹6,003.65 crore for eight years. The mission focuses on advancing quantum computing, communication, sensing, and materials. Its goal is to create a robust framework for quantum technology in India.
Thematic Hubs and Their Locations
The NQM established four Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs). These hubs are located at prestigious institutions – Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai These hubs consist of 14 technical groups, covering 17 states and two Union Territories. The hubs will collaborate on various projects and initiatives.
Funding Distribution and Management
Uttar Pradesh received the highest allocation of ₹28.7 crore for 2024-25. Other states include Maharashtra (₹3.34 crore), Karnataka (₹3.7 crore), Delhi (₹2.4 crore), and Tamil Nadu (₹1.7 crore). The Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur serves as the management coordinating centre for these hubs.
Goals and Applications of Quantum Computing
Quantum computers utilise the principles of quantum mechanics. They promise to perform calculations faster than classical computers. The mission aims to develop intermediate scale quantum computers with varying qubit capacities over the next eight years. Applications include secure communication networks and advanced computational capabilities.
Future Developments and Technologies
The NQM aims to achieve several ambitious targets. These include satellite-based secure quantum communications and long-distance quantum key distribution. The mission will also focus on developing high-sensitivity magnetometers and atomic clocks. Additionally, it will work on fabricating new quantum materials for device creation.
Human Resource and Industry Development
The T-Hubs will facilitate human resource development and entrepreneurship. They will encourage industry collaborations and international partnerships. This collaborative approach aims to strengthen India’s position in the global quantum technology landscape.
Challenges Ahead
Despite the promising advancements, challenges remain. Developing quantum technology requires substantial investment and skilled personnel. Ensuring that the benefits of quantum computing are accessible to all sectors will be crucial for success.
Questions for UPSC:
- Critically examine the implications of quantum computing on national security.
- Discuss the significance of international collaboration in advancing quantum technologies.
- What are the potential applications of quantum communication? Explain with examples.
- With suitable examples, discuss the role of research institutions in technological innovation.
Answer Hints:
1. Critically examine the implications of quantum computing on national security.
- Quantum computing can break traditional encryption methods, posing risks to national security communications.
- It can enhance cybersecurity by enabling advanced encryption techniques, thereby protecting sensitive data.
- Quantum technologies may enable secure communication channels that are resistant to eavesdropping.
- States may engage in a quantum arms race, focusing on developing superior quantum capabilities.
- Governments need to establish regulatory frameworks to manage the security implications of quantum advancements.
2. Discuss the significance of international collaboration in advancing quantum technologies.
- International collaboration can pool resources, knowledge, and expertise to accelerate quantum research.
- Cross-border partnerships can lead to standardization, enhancing the interoperability of quantum systems.
- Collaborative efforts can address shared challenges, such as developing ethical guidelines for quantum technologies.
- Joint research initiatives can encourage innovation and lead to breakthroughs that benefit all participating nations.
- International collaboration can enhance global security by promoting transparency in quantum developments.
3. What are the potential applications of quantum communication? Explain with examples.
- Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows secure sharing of encryption keys, ensuring safe communication.
- Satellite-based quantum communication can enable secure communications over long distances, such as between countries.
- Quantum communication networks can facilitate secure data transfer for financial institutions, protecting against cyber threats.
- Applications in governmental communications can safeguard sensitive information from espionage.
- Quantum-enhanced sensors can improve communication reliability in challenging environments, such as undersea cables.
4. With suitable examples, discuss the role of research institutions in technological innovation.
- Research institutions like IITs and IISc drive innovation by conducting cutting-edge research in quantum technologies.
- They collaborate with industries to translate research findings into commercial applications, enhancing economic growth.
- Institutions provide training and skill development, creating a workforce adept in emerging technologies.
- They serve as incubators for startups, encouraging entrepreneurship in the tech sector.
- Research institutions often participate in international projects, contributing to global technological advancements.
