India and Saudi Arabia Strengthen Energy Ties with MoUs

India and Saudi Arabia are enhancing their bilateral relationship through a series of memoranda of understanding (MoUs) focused on energy, health, and technology. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Jeddah marks moment in this partnership. This visit is the first by an Indian prime minister to Jeddah in 40 years. The two nations are set to sign at least six MoUs, with discussions ongoing for additional agreements.

Key Areas of Collaboration

The MoUs will cover various sectors, including space, energy, health, scientific research, culture, and advanced technology. These agreements aim to boost cooperation and enhance trade relations between India and Saudi Arabia. The discussions also include arrangements for Hajj, denoting the importance of religious pilgrimages for Indian Muslims.

Hajj Pilgrimage Quota

India’s Hajj quota for 2025 has increased to 175,025 from 136,020 in 2014. However, logistical issues have led to delays, leaving approximately 42,000 Indians unable to participate this year. The Government of India prioritises Hajj arrangements, working closely with Saudi authorities to facilitate the pilgrimage.

Strategic Partnership Council

Modi and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman will co-chair the second meeting of the Strategic Partnership Council. This council was established in 2019 to strengthen bilateral ties. The meeting is expected to cover various topics, including trade, investment, and defence.

Undersea Electricity Grid Project

A groundbreaking project is underway to establish an undersea electricity grid connection between India and Saudi Arabia. This initiative aligns with PM Modi’s vision of a global renewable energy grid. The project aims to transform India from an energy importer to an energy exporter, particularly in green power and hydrogen.

Technical Aspects of the Grid

The undersea grid will utilise high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables for efficient long-distance transmission. This complex project will involve substantial investment and advanced technology. The interconnectivity will allow both nations to share electricity resources, enhancing grid stability and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

Global Renewable Energy Vision

The project supports the ‘One Sun, One World, One Grid’ (OSOWOG) initiative, which envisions a globally interconnected grid for renewable energy. This initiative aims to integrate various renewable resources, allowing countries to manage energy supply and demand more effectively.

Regional Collaborations

India is also exploring grid connectivity with other nations, such as the UAE, Oman, Singapore, and Thailand. These collaborations reflect a broader effort to establish a sustainable and resilient energy framework across the region.

Challenges and Future Prospects

While the undersea electricity grid is an ambitious project, it faces challenges such as high costs and technical complexities. However, successful implementation could enhance energy cooperation between India and Saudi Arabia.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the impact of India’s energy policies on its international relations.
2. Estimate the significance of Hajj arrangements in strengthening India-Saudi Arabia ties.
3. Point out the challenges faced in establishing undersea electricity grids in international contexts.
4. What is the relevance of the ‘One Sun, One World, One Grid’ initiative? How can it influence global energy dynamics?

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the impact of India’s energy policies on its international relations.

1. India’s energy policies promote renewable energy, enhancing its global standing as a sustainable partner.
2. Collaboration with nations like Saudi Arabia encourages energy security and reduces dependence on fossil fuels.
3. Strategic energy agreements can lead to better diplomatic ties and economic partnerships.
4. India’s shift to green energy aligns with global climate goals, attracting international investments.
5. Energy diplomacy can serve as a tool for India to assert its influence in regional and global politics.

2. Estimate the significance of Hajj arrangements in strengthening India-Saudi Arabia ties.

1. Hajj arrangements reflect India’s commitment to its Muslim population, enhancing cultural ties with Saudi Arabia.
2. Increased Hajj quotas signify improved diplomatic relations and cooperation on religious matters.
3. Joint efforts on Hajj logistics strengthen bilateral trust and coordination between both governments.
4. Hajj is cultural exchange, encouraging goodwill and mutual respect between the two nations.
5. Successful Hajj arrangements can boost India’s image in the Muslim world and strengthen soft power.

3. Point out the challenges faced in establishing undersea electricity grids in international contexts.

1. High costs associated with undersea cable installation can deter investment and project initiation.
2. Technical complexities require advanced technology and expertise, which may not be readily available.
3. Geopolitical tensions can complicate agreements and cooperation between nations involved.
4. Environmental concerns regarding marine ecosystems may lead to regulatory hurdles and opposition.
5. Logistical issues, such as cable maintenance and operation across international waters, pose additional challenges.

4. What is the relevance of the ‘One Sun, One World, One Grid’ initiative? How can it influence global energy dynamics?

1. OSOWOG aims to create a globally interconnected renewable energy grid, promoting sustainability.
2. The initiative facilitates energy sharing across borders, enhancing energy security and efficiency.
3. It encourages international cooperation in renewable energy development, encouraging economic ties.
4. OSOWOG can help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, aligning with global climate change goals.
5. The initiative positions India as a leader in renewable energy, influencing global energy policies.