The 16th of December is annually observed by the Indian Armed Forces and Bangladesh as Vijay Diwas, also known as Bijoy Dibos. It marks India’s victory over Pakistan in the 1971 war and the birth of Bangladesh as an independent nation.
Following India’s independence, Pakistan was divided into East and West Pak. These regions were geographically disconnected, creating numerous problems for the administration. Cultural conflicts and negligence towards East Pak further added to their woes. By the mid-1960s, leaders like Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh, began protesting against the policies of West Pak, causing a brutal crackdown by the Pakistani military.
India’s Role in the Liberation of Bangladesh
On May 15, 1971, India launched Operation Jackpot to support the Mukti Bahini fighters who were engaged in guerrilla warfare against the Pakistan military. India decided to go to war with Pakistan on December 3, 1971, aiming to protect Bengali Muslims and Hindus in East Pakistan. The war lasted 13 days, culminating in a written agreement between India, Pakistan, and the provisional government of Bangladesh, which marked the end of the Bangladesh Liberation War.
On December 16, the largest surrender of military personnel since the end of World War II took place, when the chief of the Pakistani forces surrendered unconditionally to the Indian Army and Mukti Bahini in Dhaka. Victory Day celebrations are significant not only for Bangladesh but are also celebrated across India, commemorating the pivotal role of the Indian military in the war.
Post-War India-Bangladesh Relations
India was one of the first countries to recognize Bangladesh and establish diplomatic relations after its independence in December 1971. Both nations share a border of 4096.7 km, the longest land boundary that India shares with any of its neighbors. They also participate in Joint exercises – Army (Exercise Sampriti) and Navy (Exercise Milan).
In the fiscal year 2021-22, Bangladesh emerged as India’s largest trade partner in South Asia and the fourth largest destination for Indian exports worldwide. Prime ministers of both countries have engaged in talks and signed seven agreements for cooperation in various areas.
Challenges in India-Bangladesh Relations
Despite progress, issues remain unresolved. The Teesta water sharing conflict is a significant hurdle. Border shootings involving Bangladeshi civilians have also strained relations. As many Bangladeshi people attempt illegal migration into India, these incidents often occur. Despite its ‘Neighbourhood First Policy’, India has been losing its influence in the region to China. Bangladesh is an active participant of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
A Look Forward
Bangladesh, the South-Asian region’s fastest-growing economy, boasts social indicators from which other countries including India can learn. This forms a vital link through which India can realize the full potential of the economic or strategic elements of its Neighbourhood First policy.
The relations between India and Bangladesh have historical significance due to the Indo-Pak War of 1971 which led to the creation of Bangladesh. These relations have evolved over time, facing numerous challenges yet maintaining a level of cooperation and mutual growth. However, unresolved issues demand attention and diplomatic strategies for sustainable progress.
