Republic Day is an integral part of India’s rich history, celebrated on the 26th of January every year. This day marks the adoption and implementation of the Indian Constitution, which took effect on this day in 1950. The Constitution acts as the supreme law of the land, and all citizens are expected to abide by it.
Historical Background: The Road Towards Independence and Establishment of Constitution
India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947, a date assigned by Lord Louis Mountbatten to coincide with the second anniversary of Japan’s World War II surrender. However, even after achieving independence, India followed a modified version of the British’s “Government of India Act, 1935” as the nation lacked its constitution.
To create a constitution, a Drafting Committee was launched about two weeks post-independence, led by Dr. B.R Ambedkar. The committee successfully drafted the Indian Constitution, which was adopted on November 26, 1949. Two months thereafter, on January 26, 1950, the new Constitution was enforced.
The Significance of 26th January
The date, 26th January, carried historical significance even before it was selected as the enforcement date for the Constitution. On December 19, 1929, the Indian National Congress declared this date as “Purna Swaraj” or complete self-rule day. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, then President of the Congress party, hoisted the tricolor flag symbolizing this day.
With such a background, 26th January made an ideal choice as the date to enact the newly formed Constitution. Consequently, the annual Republic Day celebration was established to commemorate this significant event.
Significance of Republic Day and the Constitution
The implementation of the Indian Constitution signified a fresh start for the country, marking the end of the British colonial Government of India Act (1935). The day also celebrates the enforcement of the Preamble of the Constitution, reflecting the fundamental principles of the nation. Being a Sovereign Democratic Republic, India, on this day, affirmed its commitment to liberty, fraternity, and equality across society and among all citizens.
Challenges Encountered by Indian Democracy
Despite being one of the fastest-growing economies worldwide, India faces numerous challenges. These include poverty, with a majority living below the poverty line, significant wealth inequality, gender discrimination, communalism, religious fundamentalism, and regional disparities. Political corruption and criminal involvement in politics further strain India’s democracy.
An Overview of the Indian Constitution: Sovereign, Democratic, Republic
The Constitution declares India as a sovereign entity, implying that it is independent and free from external control. The term ‘democratic’ signifies supreme power vested in the people. Having an elected President indicates India as a republic.
Way Forward: Ensuring Inclusive Development
India’s progress is far from complete. There is a need to shift focus from quantity to quality and evolve from being merely literate to a knowledge society. Inclusivity lies at the core of India’s development, with pluralism being its greatest strength. The ‘Indian model’ focuses on a balanced tripod of diversity, democracy, and development, which calls for collective growth embracing all communities. The overall goal is to transform the nation into a family that promotes and celebrates each individual’s potential.
