India’s animal health sector recently achieved an important milestone. The Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying (DAHD) has successfully designated the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre on Equines (ICAR-NRC Equine) as a World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) Reference Laboratory for Equine Piroplasmosis. This recognition marks India’s commitment to improving its scientific capabilities and diagnostic infrastructure.
Importance of Equines in India
Equines play important role in various livelihoods and industries in India. According to the 20th Livestock Census, India has approximately 0.55 million equines. This population consists of around 0.34 million horses and ponies, 0.12 million donkeys, and 0.08 million mules. The highest populations are found in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Haryana. These animals are integral to agriculture, transport, and other sectors.
WOAH Reference Laboratory Status
The WOAH Reference Laboratory status signifies India’s adherence to international research and diagnostic standards. It allows ICAR-NRC Equine to lead in research and diagnostics for equine piroplasmosis. This is the fourth laboratory in India’s animal husbandry sector to receive such recognition. The others include facilities focused on avian influenza, rabies, and other diseases.
Equine Piroplasmosis Overview
Equine piroplasmosis is caused by protozoan parasites, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. It affects horses, donkeys, mules, and zebras. The disease poses a serious threat to animal health and has important economic implications. In India, the seroprevalence rate ranges from 15% to 25%, with some high-risk areas reporting rates up to 40%. This leads to economic losses due to decreased productivity and restrictions on animal movement.
Diagnostic Advancements
To combat equine piroplasmosis, DAHD has prioritised the development of advanced diagnostic tools. ICAR-NRC Equine has created several innovative tests, including ELISA based on recombinant antigens, Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Tests, and PCR for antigen detection. These tools will improve early detection and control of the disease, enhancing overall animal health.
Future Collaborations and Impact
With its new status, ICAR-NRC Equine is set to engage in international collaborations. It will provide advanced diagnostic services and share technical expertise globally. This recognition not only boosts India’s standing in the global animal health community but also strengthens efforts to combat equine piroplasmosis, benefiting the international equine industry.
Questions for UPSC:
- Critically analyse the economic impact of equine piroplasmosis on India’s equine population.
- Explain the role of the World Organisation for Animal Health in global animal health management.
- What are the key diagnostic tools for equine piroplasmosis? How do they contribute to disease management?
- Comment on the significance of equines in rural economies of India and their contribution to livelihoods.
