Quantum computing is a rapidly evolving technology that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to solve complex problems, which are beyond the capacities of classical computers. Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that explains the behavior of particles such as atoms, electrons, photons, and other entities at the molecular and submolecular levels. It’s an exhilarating emerging technology set to reshape our world by offering us new capabilities and immense possibilities.
Understanding the Fundamentals
Unlike classical computers that store information as binary 0s and 1s, quantum computers utilize the fundamental laws of nature to perform computations using quantum bits or qubits. Contrary to a bit, which must be either a 0 or 1, a qubit can exist in a combination of states, allowing for exponentially larger calculations. Their ability to solve complex problems that even powerful classical supercomputers cannot tackle is what makes quantum computers unique and significant.
The Significance of Quantum Computing
Quantum computers can exploit the phenomena of quantum mechanics to manage information. They have the potential to help understand molecular and chemical interactions, solve challenging optimization problems, and strengthen artificial intelligence. As a result, they could lead to ground-breaking scientific discoveries, life-saving drugs, supply chain improvements, logistics advancements, and better modeling of financial data.
IBM India’s Quantum Computing Initiatives
IBM India has been at the forefront of promoting quantum computing through various initiatives. One such initiative is Qiskit, an open-source software development kit constructed by IBM for the quantum developer community. IBM also regularly hosts India-centric programs like Qiskit India Week of Quantum, celebrating women in quantum, and making headway in their quantum journeys. The Qiskit textbook is available in multiple Indian languages and has been accessed more than 30,000 times by students in 2021 alone.
Government Initiatives and Partnerships
The Indian Government, recognizing the importance of quantum computing, has taken significant steps. In its 2021 budget, it allocated INR 8000 Crore to the National Mission on quantum technologies and applications, promoting developments in quantum computing, cryptography, communications, and material science. Furthermore, the Indian Army, in December 2021, established a quantum computing laboratory and an AI center at a military engineering institute in Mhow, Madhya Pradesh with backing from the National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS).
Emphasizing Collaborations and Startups
To further develop quantum technology, government organizations have partnered with educational institutions. The Defense Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT) and the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) have agreed to work together to develop quantum computers. Also, startups like Qunu Labs, Bangalore; BosonQ, Bhilai are making progress in this domain. These initiatives are paving the way for India to become a talent hub for quantum computing.
The Need for Quantum Education
Much like the rapidly growing artificial intelligence market, quantum computing has sparked a global race among countries and companies to establish leadership. The critical requirement now is to build sufficient quantum computational capacity, develop skills in creating and operating practical size and affordable cost quantum computers, continue research into realizing the various practical applications, and include relevant content in educational courses at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. This will help establish quantum science and engineering as a discipline at university level and produce a large number of science and technology heads.
Understanding the Concept of ‘Qubit’
A term that often comes up in the context of quantum computing is ‘qubit.’ It’s shorthand for quantum bit, the fundamental unit of quantum information. Unlike classical bits that can be either 0 or 1, qubits can exist in any combination of these states, exploiting the properties of quantum mechanics. This results in quantum computers’ potential to perform exponentially larger calculations.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Quantum Computing
The advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, or the Digital Revolution, has introduced e-Governance as an integral part of government operations. As a result, emerging technologies like quantum computing are becoming increasingly significant in driving innovations in public service delivery and improving state-citizen interactions.
