The National Mission on Quantum Technology and Applications (NMQTA) project report’s detailed outline has been completed and finalized, sparking discussion in recent news. This initiative was proposed in the Union Budget 2020-21, with an announcement to allocate Rs 8,000 crore towards it. Preceding this, the Department of Science & Technology launched a program named Quantum-Enabled Science & Technology (QuEST) in 2018, committing to an investment of Rs. 80 crores over the subsequent three years to stimulate research.
NMQTA: Seeking to Establish India as a Quantum Powerhouse
The NMQTA aims to progress the development of quantum computing-related technologies, setting the stage for the second quantum revolution. Projected outcomes include positioning India as the world’s third-leading nation in the sector, trailing only the US and China.
Understanding Quantum Technology
Quantum Technology principles are rooted in quantum mechanics, a field developed in the early 20th century to define nature at the scale of atoms and elementary particles. The first phase of this groundbreaking technology shaped our comprehension of the physical world, including the interaction between light and matter, paving the way for widespread inventions such as lasers and semiconductor transistors. A second revolution is currently unfolding, aiming to integrate quantum mechanics properties into computing.
Conventional Computing Versus Quantum Computing
Traditional computers process data in ‘bits’ or 1s and 0s, adhering to classical physics laws. This method only allows the processing of a ‘1’ or a ‘0’ at a time. In contrast, quantum computers operate in ‘qubits’ (or quantum bits). Leveraging quantum mechanics’ properties, processors can be both a 1 and a 0 simultaneously, a state known as quantum superposition. Owing to this feature, a fully functioning quantum computer could mimic multiple classical computers running concurrently.
Properties of Quantum Computing
Quantum computing encapsulates three core properties: superposition, entanglement, and interference. Superposition represents a quantum system’s ability to exist in various states simultaneously. Entanglement refers to a pair of qubits existing in a single quantum state, with changes in one qubit instantly affecting the other. Interference posits that individual particles can intersect their trajectory and alter their path direction.
Applications of Quantum Technology
The diverse applications of quantum technology range from enhancing secure communication and facilitating research to improving disaster management and pharmaceutical processes. Moreover, success in quantum computing will aid strategic initiatives targeting other Industrial revolution 4.0 technologies like Internet-of-Things, machine learning, robotics, and artificial intelligence.
Challenges and Risks of Quantum Computing
Despite its potential benefits, quantum computing could also disrupt cryptographic encryption, which secures communication and computers. Furthermore, incorrect use of this technology may put at risk government’s official and confidential data.
Moving Forward: The Need for Regulation
Much like the now omnipresent social media and artificial intelligence, demands to regulate quantum computing are growing. Ensuring its widespread availability requires developing a regulatory framework. It is prudent to set boundaries for its use nationally and internationally, pre-emptively addressing potential problems.