The year 2024 marks a very important moment for India’s pastoral communities as the country embarks on its inaugural pastoral livestock census. This initiative aims to document the extensive yet often overlooked contributions of pastoralists to the livestock sector. Historically, pastoralism has been an integral part of India’s agricultural landscape, yet it has remained underrepresented in official statistics. The census, which commenced on October 25, seeks to rectify this oversight and provide a clearer picture of pastoral livelihoods across the nation.
About Pastoralism in India
Pastoralism is one of the oldest forms of agriculture, characterised by the herding of livestock across various landscapes in search of grazing pastures. Approximately 20 million pastoralists traverse India’s diverse climatic regions, moving their herds seasonally. This practice not only sustains their livelihoods but also plays important role in maintaining ecological balance, as grazing stimulates plant regrowth and contributes to carbon sequestration.
The Importance of the Census
For the first time, the census will categorically enumerate livestock within pastoral production systems, offering official figures that have long been absent. This data is essential for understanding the scale and impact of pastoralism, which has been historically undervalued by policymakers. The census aims to enhance recognition of pastoralists’ roles in food security, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable land management.
Methodology and Inclusivity
Conducting the census poses unique challenges due to the mobile nature of pastoralists. To ensure comprehensive coverage, the government has engaged civil society organisations (CSOs) to facilitate data collection. These organisations work closely with pastoral communities to define who qualifies as a pastoralist and to identify the best times for enumeration. This collaborative approach is crucial for capturing accurate data and encouraging trust within these communities.
Benefits of the Census for Pastoralists
The census is expected to yield benefits for pastoralists, including better representation in government policies and programmes. By providing credible data, the initiative could lead to targeted interventions that address the specific needs of pastoral households. This includes access to healthcare, infrastructure improvements along traditional migration routes, and support for sustainable practices.
Shifts in Government Perspective
Since 2022, there has been a notable shift in the government’s approach to pastoralism. Recent directives have encouraged states to prioritise the welfare of pastoral communities through various schemes. This change aligns with global recognitions, such as the United Nations declaring 2026 as the International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists, which marks the vital role of pastoral systems worldwide.
Future Implications
The outcomes of the census could reshape agricultural policies, leading to a more inclusive framework that acknowledges the multifaceted contributions of pastoralists. By recognising the diverse outputs of livestock beyond just milk and meat—such as manure and draught power—the government can encourage a more nuanced understanding of the livestock sector.
Questions for UPSC:
- Discuss the significance of the pastoral livestock census in India.
- What are the challenges faced in enumerating pastoral communities?
- How does pastoralism contribute to environmental sustainability?
- Examine the shifts in government policies towards pastoral communities since 2022.
- What role do civil society organisations play in the pastoral livestock census?
