The Bribery Risk Matrix 2021 has been recently published by TRACE, an organisation that sets anti-bribery standards. This matrix measures the risk of business bribery across 194 countries and various territories and regions with different degrees of autonomy.
About The Bribery Risk Matrix
First published in 2014, the Bribery Risk Matrix was released in response to a demand from the business community for more nuanced and reliable information regarding global commercial bribery risks. The matrix compiles pertinent data collected from top public interest and international organizations, such as the United Nations, World Bank, V-Dem Institute at the University of Gothenburg, and the World Economic Forum.
Methodology of Score Calculation
Four factors contribute to the calculation of a country’s score: enforcement and deterrence of anti-bribery; interactions between businesses and the government; transparency within the government and civil service; the capability of civil society oversight, including the role of the media.
Performance of Countries in the Matrix
India’s rank on the matrix has fallen from 77th in 2020 to 82nd in 2021. Despite this drop, India’s performance remains better than neighbouring countries Pakistan, China, Nepal, and Bangladesh, while Bhutan secured the 62nd spot. Countries with the highest commercial bribery risk are North Korea, Turkmenistan, Venezuela, and Eritrea, whereas Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden, and New Zealand have the lowest risk. Notably, the United States saw a significant rise in business bribery risk over the past five years compared to global trends. All Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries reported an increased risk of commercial bribery from 2020 to 2021.
Measures Taken by India to Combat Corruption
Pledging “Zero Tolerance Against Corruption,” India has implemented several policies to battle corruption. These measures include systematic reforms aimed at providing transparent services to citizens and curtailing corruption. Measures such as disbursement of welfare benefits via the Direct Benefit Transfer initiative, e-tendering in public procurements, simplification of procedures through e-Governance, and government procurement through the Government e-Marketplace (GeM) have been undertaken.
Legislative Approach to Bribery and Corruption
In this fight against corruption, the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 plays a crucial role by legally declaring the act of giving bribes as a crime. This act can curb large-scale corruption by introducing vicarious liability for senior executives in commercial organizations.
Achievements of Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)
The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) has recommended the adoption of an Integrity Pact in all organizations involved in major procurement activities. The aim is to ensure prompt and effective investigation wherever irregularities or misconduct are noticed.
Role of Lokpal in Corruption Control
The institution of Lokpal has been operationalised with the appointment of a Chairperson and Members. Lokpal is legally mandated to receive and process complaints related to alleged offences by public servants under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, reinforcing India’s commitment to combat corruption.
