The Indian Army has been grappling with issues of suicides and fratricides within its ranks, prompting a significant action to address the mental well-being of its personnel. In an extensive study launched in August 2023, partnering with the Defence Institute of Psychological Research (DIPR), the main focus is understanding and mitigating stress factors that affect troops and their families. The DIPR, an institution under India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), conducts research and development in the field of psychology and human behavior to support the defense and security sector.
The Critical Issue of Suicides and Fratricides
Fratricide refers to a soldier or security personnel killing their colleagues due to high levels of stress. This stress arises mainly from domestic problems, family disputes, a sense of isolation, or dejection besides professional hazards. According to data provided in Parliament, there have been two annual cases of fratricide from 2019 to 2021, with one case reported in 2021. There were also 104, 75, and 80 suspected suicide cases in the Army during 2016, 2017, and 2018 respectively.
Stressors Faced by Army Personnel
A study by the United Service Institution of India (USI) revealed a significant escalation in stress levels amongst Army personnel over the past two decades due to operational and non-operational stressors. Operational stressors include prolonged exposure to risky, uncertain, and violent environments, frequent transfers and separations from families, and lack of proper facilities in remote areas. Non-operational stressors relate to poor leadership, insensitive attitudes of seniors, denial of emergencies leave, family-related disputes, financial problems, and low job satisfaction among others.
Initiatives for Mental Well-being within the Army
Several initiatives have been implemented to enhance mental well-being. These include the issuance of advisory and guidelines, carrying out psychometric evaluations, conducting training programs for officers at DIPR and “Religious Teachers Counsellor Courses” at various hospitals. Additional initiatives include a 12-week Unit Psychological Counsellor Course, deployment of civilian counsellors in major military stations, setting up helplines and psychiatry centers, organizing seminars on mental well-being, financial management, and domestic issues, and enabling continuous evaluation and improvement.
Government Initiatives Related to Mental Health
In addition to the Army’s efforts, the government has also initiated several mental health programmes like the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP), Ayushman Bharat – Health and Wellness Centres (AB-HWC), National Tele Mental Health Programme, Kiran Helpline, Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram, and World Mental Health Day.
The ongoing study, training programs, and collaborative projects underscore the Army’s commitment to continuously evaluate and improve solutions to the mental health challenges faced by their personnel. By addressing these issues, the Indian Army is not only safeguarding its ranks but also enhancing the overall well-being of its units. Furthermore, the concerted efforts of the government with initiatives like NMHP indicate a national awareness and growing dedication to mental health matters.