Indian Army’s Global Engagement and Peacekeeping Efforts

The Indian Army has expanded its global presence in recent years. As of 2024, approximately 5,200 military personnel are deployed in ten United Nations missions. This reflects India’s commitment to international peacekeeping and military diplomacy. The Ministry of Defence has reported that defence cooperation now includes 118 countries globally.

Deployment in UN Missions

The Indian Army is actively involved in various UN missions. The personnel deployed include five infantry battalions and 11 formed units. Key locations for these missions include the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan, and Lebanon. This deployment puts stress on India’s role in maintaining global peace and security.

Defence Cooperation Initiatives

India has strengthened its defence cooperation with numerous countries. Currently, 118 nations are engaged in various defence activities with India. This cooperation encompasses joint training, military exercises, and sharing of best practices. The establishment of additional Defence Wings has enhanced India’s military diplomacy.

Focus on Aatmanirbharta and Make in India

Aligned with the Aatmanirbharta and Make in India initiatives, the Indian Army is incorporating advanced domestically produced equipment in UN missions. This shift not only promotes local manufacturing but also enhances operational capability. The integration of Made-in-India vehicles and equipment is step towards self-reliance.

Inclusivity in Peacekeeping

The Indian Army has progressed in promoting inclusivity within its peacekeeping efforts. Female engagement teams and women psychological counsellors are deployed to assist women and children in conflict zones. This approach addresses gender-specific needs and enhances the effectiveness of peacekeeping missions.

Training and Capacity Building

The Centre for UN Peacekeeping (CUNPK) plays a vital role in training peacekeepers. Each year, over 10,000 troops receive training, which supports both Indian and international personnel. This training ensures that peacekeepers are well-prepared for their roles in diverse and challenging environments.

Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief

Domestically, the Indian Army has been proactive in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. Recently, it deployed 83 columns across 14 states for disaster relief operations. The army rescued nearly 30,000 civilians and provided medical aid to around 3,000 individuals. This commitment marks the dual role of the army in both national and international contexts.

Joint Military Exercises

India participates in 39 joint military exercises with various countries. These exercises enhance interoperability and strengthen bilateral relations. Upcoming exercises with Egypt, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Cambodia will focus on yoga and women’s empowerment, showcasing India’s unique approach to military collaboration.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the role of the Indian Army in UN peacekeeping missions and its impact on international relations.
2. What are the implications of the Aatmanirbharta initiative on India’s defence procurement strategy? Discuss.
3. Estimate the significance of humanitarian assistance in military operations and its effect on civil-military relations.
4. Point out the changes in India’s defence diplomacy with the establishment of new Defence Wings in various countries.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the role of the Indian Army in UN peacekeeping missions and its impact on international relations.

1. India has deployed approximately 5,200 personnel across 10 UN missions, showcasing its commitment to global peacekeeping.
2. The presence of Indian troops in conflict zones enhances India’s reputation as a responsible global actor.
3. Engagement in peacekeeping encourages stronger diplomatic ties with countries involved in these missions.
4. India’s unique contributions, including female engagement teams, address gender-specific issues in conflict areas.
5. Participation in UN missions aligns with India’s aspirations for a permanent seat on the UN Security Council, enhancing its international standing.

2. What are the implications of the Aatmanirbharta initiative on India’s defence procurement strategy? Discuss.

1. Aatmanirbharta promotes self-reliance in defence production, reducing dependence on foreign suppliers.
2. The initiative encourages the development and integration of indigenous technologies and equipment in military operations.
3. It encourages collaboration between the government and private sector, boosting domestic manufacturing capabilities.
4. Incorporating Made-in-India products in UN missions enhances operational efficiency and showcases India’s defence capabilities.
5. This shift positively impacts the economy by creating jobs and stimulating growth in the defence sector.

3. Estimate the significance of humanitarian assistance in military operations and its effect on civil-military relations.

1. Humanitarian assistance enhances the military’s image, portraying it as a force for good in society.
2. Active involvement in disaster relief builds trust and cooperation between the military and civilian populations.
3. Rescue operations and medical aid during crises demonstrate the military’s readiness and capability beyond combat roles.
4. Such initiatives encourage stronger civil-military relations, leading to greater public support for military actions.
5. Humanitarian missions can also serve as a platform for the military to engage with local communities, promoting peace and stability.

4. Point out the changes in India’s defence diplomacy with the establishment of new Defence Wings in various countries.

1. The increase in Defence Wings from 45 to 52 signifies a strategic expansion of India’s military diplomacy.
2. New Defence Wings in countries like Poland, Algeria, Ethiopia, and Mozambique enhance bilateral defence ties and cooperation.
3. These wings facilitate joint training, military exercises, and sharing of best practices, strengthening regional partnerships.
4. Expanded defence diplomacy aids in countering regional threats and promoting stability in strategic areas.
5. It reflects India’s proactive approach to global security challenges and its commitment to collaborative defence efforts.