Indian National Science Academy’s New Fellowship Approach

The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) has recently announced change in its annual list of Fellows. Traditionally, this list has been composed mainly of professional scientists. However, the 2025 announcement includes several notable figures who are not professional scientists, marking a departure from the academy’s longstanding practices. This shift aims to enhance diversity and recognise a broader spectrum of contributions to science in India.

Context of the INSA Fellowship Changes

The INSA, established 90 years ago, is a prestigious assembly of scientists in India. This year, it has introduced new categories of Fellows to include individuals who have contributed to science in non-traditional ways. The inclusion of prominent figures like Sudha Murthy and N.R. Narayanamurthy marks the academy’s recognition of those who have supported scientific initiatives through funding and advocacy.

New Categories of Fellowship

To accommodate the inclusion of non-scientists, INSA has introduced two new categories – Science in Translation and Science in Society. The Translation category focuses on individuals demonstrating leadership in scientific innovation and research management. The Society category recognises those applying science to address societal challenges such as energy, water, and health.

Rationale Behind the Changes

Ashutosh Sharma, President of INSA, emphasised the need for at least 20% of Fellows to be associated with the application of science. This reflects a shift in perspective that values the contributions of individuals who may not produce scientific research but play crucial roles in promoting and funding it.

Historical Context and Criticism

Historically, INSA has adhered to a strict demarcation between scientists and non-scientists. Past leaders like Satish Dhawan were only granted honorary fellowships despite their contributions. Critics of the current changes argue that recognising wealthy individuals with tenuous connections to science may undermine the academy’s credibility and traditional values.

Future Implications for Science in India

The new approach is expected to set a precedent for future recognitions of contributors in emerging fields such as deep-tech and space entrepreneurship. This could lead to increased private funding for research and development, encouraging innovation in the Indian scientific landscape.

Concerns About Inclusivity

While the initiative aims to enhance diversity, some members within the INSA express concerns about the wisdom of awarding fellowships en masse to non-scientists. They worry that this may dilute the significance of the fellowship and the integrity of the academy.

Conclusion on the Fellowship Shift

The INSA’s decision to broaden its fellowship criteria signifies a progressive change in recognising the multifaceted contributions to science. It reflects a growing understanding that science is not only about creation but also about application and impact on society.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Examine the role of public funding in promoting scientific research in India.
2. Discuss in the light of the Indian National Science Academy’s recent changes, the importance of diversity in scientific communities.
3. Critically discuss the implications of recognising non-scientists in scientific academies on the integrity of scientific research.
4. With suitable examples, discuss the impact of industrialists on scientific innovation and research in India.

Answer Hints:

1. Examine the role of public funding in promoting scientific research in India.

1. Public funding provides essential financial resources for research projects, infrastructure, and human resources.
2. Government institutions like the Department of Science & Technology (DST) and the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) allocate budgets for various research initiatives.
3. Public funding encourages collaboration between academia and industry, encouraging innovation and practical applications of research.
4. It helps in addressing national priorities such as health, agriculture, and environmental sustainability.
5. Public funding can enhance the global competitiveness of Indian science by supporting cutting-edge research and development.

2. Discuss in the light of the Indian National Science Academy’s recent changes, the importance of diversity in scientific communities.

1. Diversity in scientific communities promotes a variety of perspectives, leading to innovative solutions and ideas.
2. The INSA’s inclusion of non-scientists reflects a broader understanding of contributions to science beyond traditional roles.
3. Increased representation of women and youth can inspire future generations and cultivate a more inclusive culture in science.
4. Diverse backgrounds can enhance collaboration across disciplines, encouraging interdisciplinary research.
5. Recognising different stakeholders can attract more funding and resources, supporting a sustainable scientific ecosystem.

3. Critically discuss the implications of recognising non-scientists in scientific academies on the integrity of scientific research.

1. Recognising non-scientists may dilute the traditional standards of scientific excellence and peer-reviewed contributions.
2. It could lead to perceptions of elitism, where wealth and influence overshadow actual scientific merit.
3. However, including non-scientists can acknowledge vital roles in funding and advocacy, enhancing public engagement with science.
4. There is a risk of undermining the credibility of academies if the distinction between scientists and non-scientists becomes blurred.
5. A balanced approach is essential to maintain integrity while embracing a broader definition of scientific contribution.

4. With suitable examples, discuss the impact of industrialists on scientific innovation and research in India.

1. Industrialists like N.R. Narayanamurthy and Nandan Nilekani have funded research initiatives through foundations like Infosys.
2. Private sector investments in R&D have led to advancements in technology and innovation, particularly in IT and biotechnology.
3. Collaborations between industry and academia, such as those with the Indian Institute of Science, have resulted in practical applications of research.
4. Industrialists can influence policy and funding priorities, shaping the research landscape in India.
5. The rise of startups in deep-tech and space sectors showcases how industrialists contribute to scientific advancements and entrepreneurship.