The Indian Navy recently commissioned two indigenously built stealth frigates, INS Udaygiri and INS Himgiri, at the Eastern Naval Command. This move reflects India’s growing focus on securing vital maritime routes amid rising geopolitical tensions and threats in international waters. The Navy’s expanding role goes beyond coastal defence to safeguarding energy imports, combating piracy, and projecting power in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
Geopolitical Context and Maritime Challenges
The global maritime environment has become increasingly volatile. Piracy, especially from groups like the Houthis, and conflicts between nations pose risks to shipping lanes. The Indian Ocean is a critical hub for global trade and energy flows. Rising Chinese naval presence and tensions in the South China Sea have heightened security concerns. India aims to protect its maritime interests and maintain freedom of navigation in these contested waters.
Significance of INS Udaygiri and INS Himgiri
INS Udaygiri and INS Himgiri are stealth frigates designed to enhance the Navy’s operational reach and deterrence. These ships feature advanced weaponry and sensor systems. Their commissioning boosts India’s blue-water capabilities, allowing sustained naval presence far from home shores. This strengthens India’s ability to respond to threats, conduct surveillance, and protect sea lanes critical for imports of oil and natural gas.
Atmanirbhar Bharat and Indigenous Naval Production
The Defence Minister emphasised self-reliance in defence manufacturing under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative. Nearly two-thirds of the Navy’s fleet under construction is being built in Indian shipyards. This reduces dependence on foreign suppliers and supports domestic industry. Indigenous construction also allows for customised design suited to India’s strategic needs. Future naval vessels will be built entirely in India, enhancing technological expertise and economic benefits.
Indian Navy’s Expanding Strategic Role
The Navy now acts as a net security provider in the IOR. Its responsibilities include deterring piracy, ensuring safe energy routes, and providing humanitarian aid. The operational footprint extends from the Gulf of Aden to the Strait of Malacca. With over 130 ships and submarines, including nuclear-powered vessels and aircraft carriers like INS Vikrant, the Navy is consolidating its position as a regional power. It plays a key role in India’s strategic influence and economic security amid global maritime uncertainties.
Modernisation and Future Outlook
The Navy is undergoing modernisation drive. This includes the induction of nuclear and conventional submarines, carrier-based aircraft, and long-range maritime patrol aircraft. The commissioning of new frigates complements these efforts. The focus is on enhancing resilience, operational flexibility, and combat readiness. India’s naval capabilities are evolving to meet emerging challenges and secure its interests in a complex maritime domain.
Questions for UPSC:
- Point out the strategic importance of the Indian Ocean Region in global geopolitics and its impact on India’s maritime security.
- Underline the role of indigenous defence manufacturing under Atmanirbhar Bharat in strengthening India’s naval capabilities and economic growth.
- Critically analyse the challenges posed by piracy and regional conflicts to maritime trade routes and India’s response mechanisms.
- Estimate the significance of naval modernisation, including nuclear submarines and aircraft carriers, in enhancing India’s blue-water navy status with suitable examples.
