The recent episode of India’s Prime Minister’s ‘Mann ki Baat’ shed light on a Japanese method for creating urban forests in limited spaces, known as Miyawaki plantation. The PM also recounted the story of Raafi Ramnath, a teacher from Kerala, who used this technique to convert a barren patch of land into a miniature forest named Vidyavanam.
Understanding the Miyawaki Plantation Method
This method was developed by renowned Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki in the 1970s. The fundamental aim was to augment the green cover within a small area. The unique feature of this method is planting two to four types of native trees within each square meter. Consequently, within three years, the trees mature to their full height and become self-sustaining. Maintenance tasks like manuring and watering are usually not required since the plants involved are mostly self-sustaining.
Significance of the Miyawaki Plantation Method
The densely populated indigenous trees play a crucial role in absorbing dust particles in the region where they are planted. They assist in moderating surface temperature as well. Commonly used native plants for these mini forests include Anjan, Amala, Bel, Arjun, and Gunj.
An added advantage of these forests is the promotion of biodiversity and the establishment of an ecosystem, which inadvertently increases soil fertility.
The Miyawaki Method in Mumbai
Recognizing its effectiveness and affordability, the Miyawaki Plantation Method has become a preferred solution to restore green cover in space-constrained cities like Mumbai. The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) has been actively installing Miyawaki forests across various vacant lots throughout the city.
Through this initiative, Mumbai aims to combat climate change, lower pollution levels, and enhance the city’s green cover. To date, 64 Miyawaki forests have been planted in Mumbai.
Miyawaki Method in UPSC Civil Services Examination
The discussion related to the “Miyawaki method” has also surfaced in the UPSC Civil Services Examination’s previous year questions. For instance, the 2022 examination question requires choosing the correct option about what the Miyawaki method is best known for; with the choices being a) encouraging commercial farming in arid and semi-arid areas, b) fostering gardens using genetically modified flora, c) creating mini forests in urban spaces, or d) harvesting wind energy on coastal areas and sea surfaces. The correct answer is c) creation of mini forests in urban areas.
Thus, this article underscores the relevance and effectiveness of the Miyawaki Plantation Method as a practical solution not only for ecological challenges but also as an important matter of study for aspirants of competitive examinations.