India’s Campaign Against Sikhs For Justice Group

India’s government has intensified its efforts to ban the separatist group Sikhs for Justice (SFJ). This follows the group’s plans to hold a referendum in Los Angeles on March 23, 2025. The SFJ seeks a separate Khalistan state. Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Defence Minister Rajnath Singh have raised concerns about the group’s activities with leaders from the U.S. and New Zealand. They demand that the SFJ be designated a terrorist organisation.

Background

Sikhs for Justice is a pro-Khalistan group that has been active since 2021. It claims to hold referendums for Sikh independence from India. These events typically occur in Western democracies where the Indian diaspora is sizeable. The legitimacy of these referendums is questionable due to unverifiable voting processes.

International Response to India’s Concerns

Despite India’s requests, countries like the U.S. and New Zealand have not complied with calls to ban the SFJ. New Zealand’s Prime Minister Christopher Luxon emphasised the protection of lawful protests in a liberal democracy. The U.S. has a structured process for designating Foreign Terrorist Organisations, which could lead to consequences for the SFJ if enacted.

Impact of a Potential Ban

A ban on the SFJ by any country in the “Five Eyes” intelligence alliance—U.S., U.K., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand—could create a domino effect. Such a designation would freeze assets and limit the movements of key figures like SFJ founder G.S. Pannun. It could also lead to prosecution under respective national laws.

Reasons for Non-Compliance

The reluctance of countries to act against the SFJ stems from viewing its activities as incendiary but not illegal. The group’s founder is often dismissed as non-serious. His rhetoric against India includes threats to embassies and public transport. India argues that such threats should be taken seriously, recalling historical incidents like the 1985 Air India bombing.

Legal Actions Against Sikhs for Justice

Indian authorities have registered numerous cases against the SFJ and its members. Since 2018, there have been at least 122 cases, leading to 105 arrests. The government has renewed a ban on the SFJ under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA). Allegations against the group include instigating violence and collaborating with foreign intelligence agencies.

Current Status and Future Outlook

As the SFJ prepares for its Los Angeles referendum, the Government of India continues to push for international support in banning the group. The ongoing dialogue with Western nations is critical. The outcome of these discussions could influence India’s security landscape and its relations with the diaspora.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the implications of separatist movements on national integrity and security.
2. Estimate the effectiveness of international law in addressing transnational terrorism.
3. What are the historical contexts of separatism in India? Discuss its impact on national policies.
4. Point out the significance of diaspora communities in shaping international relations.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the implications of separatist movements on national integrity and security.

1. Separatist movements can lead to territorial fragmentation, challenging a nation’s sovereignty.
2. They often incite violence, destabilizing regions and prompting security threats.
3. Such movements can strain national resources and divert attention from governance.
4. They can encourage division within communities, undermining social cohesion.
5. International support for separatism can complicate diplomatic relations and security alliances.

2. Estimate the effectiveness of international law in addressing transnational terrorism.

1. International law provides frameworks for cooperation among nations to combat terrorism.
2. However, enforcement can be inconsistent due to differing national interests and priorities.
3. Legal definitions of terrorism vary, complicating unified responses.
4. International treaties can lack binding power, limiting their effectiveness.
5. Collaboration through organizations like the UN can enhance information sharing and strategies.

3. What are the historical contexts of separatism in India? Discuss its impact on national policies.

1. Separatism in India has roots in colonial history, regional disparities, and ethnic tensions.
2. Key movements include those in Kashmir, Punjab, and the Northeast, leading to unrest.
3. Government responses have included military action, negotiations, and policy reforms.
4. These movements have influenced national security policies and federalism in India.
5. Separatism has also prompted discussions on autonomy and rights for various communities.

4. Point out the significance of diaspora communities in shaping international relations.

1. Diaspora communities can influence foreign policy through lobbying and advocacy efforts.
2. They often serve as cultural bridges, enhancing bilateral relations between nations.
3. Economic contributions from diasporas can strengthen ties, impacting trade and investment.
4. They can raise awareness of human rights issues, affecting international perceptions.
5. Political engagement of diasporas can sway domestic policies in their host countries.