India’s Fisheries Extension Services – A Growing Necessity

India’s fisheries sector is vital for the economy and livelihoods. Approximately three crore fishers and fish farmers depend on it. Since 2013-14, fish production has surged by 83%, reaching a record 175 lakh tons in 2022-23. Inland fisheries contribute 75% of this production, making India the second-largest fish and aquaculture producer globally. As this sector expands, enhancing fisheries extension services becomes crucial.

Importance of Fisheries Extension Services

Fisheries extension services aim to support fishers and fish farmers. They provide information on improved species, water quality, disease management, and rearing technologies. These services also address challenges faced by seed growers and hatcheries. Need-based training promotes sustainable practices. Such initiatives can transform fisheries into viable business models.

Matsya Seva Kendras (MSKs)

Under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana, Matsya Seva Kendras serve as one-stop solutions. They offer various extension services through trained professionals. The government supports the establishment of MSKs, especially for women and weaker sections, covering 60% of costs. Currently, 102 MSKs operate across India. For instance, the MSK in Thrissur, Kerala, conducts water and soil analysis. In Maharashtra, MSKs focus on capacity building for fishers regarding seed and feed inputs.

Role of Sagar Mitras

Sagar Mitras act as important link between the government and sea-borne fishers. They gather data on marine catches, price changes, and marketing needs. Additionally, they inform fishers about local regulations, weather forecasts, and hygienic fish handling. This initiative ensures that fishers are well-informed and prepared for various challenges.

Enhancing Extension Services

Improving fisheries extension services requires a twofold approach. Firstly, these initiatives must align with existing field extension networks, such as the Indian Council of Agricultural Research’s Krishi Vigyan Kendras. Secondly, promoting digital outreach is essential. The National Fisheries Development Board’s ‘AquaBazaar’ platform offers virtual learning opportunities. This initiative helps fishers understand breeding and seed production.

World Bank Assistance

The World Bank-assisted project aims to formalise the fisheries sector in India. It focuses on creating digital identities for fishers and fish farmers. This effort strengthens extension services, capacity building, and awareness generation. By leveraging technology, the project enhances the overall efficiency of the fisheries sector.

Conclusion

The ongoing developments in India’s fisheries extension services represent step towards sustainable aquaculture. The government’s initiatives, supported by technology and community involvement, are essential for the sector’s growth.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Estimate the impact of fisheries on rural livelihoods in India.
2. Critically discuss the role of technology in enhancing agricultural productivity.
3. Examine the significance of cooperative societies in the agricultural sector.
4. Analyse the challenges faced by the fisheries sector due to climate change.

Answer Hints:

1. Estimate the impact of fisheries on rural livelihoods in India.

1. Approximately three crore fishers and fish farmers depend on the fisheries sector for their livelihoods.
2. Fisheries contribute to food security and nutrition in rural communities.
3. The sector has seen an 83% increase in production since 2013-14, enhancing economic stability.
4. Inland fisheries account for 75% of production, providing local employment opportunities.
5. Fisheries also support ancillary industries, such as processing and marketing, further boosting rural economies.

2. Critically discuss the role of technology in enhancing agricultural productivity.

1. Technology facilitates precision farming through data analytics and real-time monitoring of crops.
2. Innovations in breeding and seed production enhance crop yields and resilience to diseases.
3. Digital platforms, like ‘AquaBazaar,’ provide fishers with essential training and market access.
4. Automation and mechanization reduce labor costs and increase efficiency in production processes.
5. Technology in supply chain management optimizes resource use and minimizes waste.

3. Examine the significance of cooperative societies in the agricultural sector.

1. Cooperatives empower farmers by providing collective bargaining power for better prices.
2. They facilitate access to credit, inputs, and technology, enhancing productivity.
3. Cooperatives promote knowledge sharing and capacity building among members.
4. They contribute to rural development through job creation and local investment.
5. Cooperative societies help in stabilizing market prices and ensuring fair trade practices.

4. Analyse the challenges faced by the fisheries sector due to climate change.

1. Climate change leads to altered water temperatures, affecting fish breeding and migration patterns.
2. Increased frequency of extreme weather events disrupts fishing activities and infrastructure.
3. Ocean acidification impacts marine ecosystems, reducing fish populations and biodiversity.
4. Freshwater availability for inland fisheries is threatened by changing precipitation patterns.
5. Fisheries face challenges in adapting to new regulations and sustainability practices due to climate impacts.