According to the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), India’s marine fisheries had a lower carbon footprint than the global average. Specifically, in 2016, they produced 1.32 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) for every kilogram of fish throughout the entire value chain; this is substantially lower than the global average of 2 tonnes.
Key Findings of the CMFRI Studies
These findings were part of a comprehensive review of the National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA), a research project initiated in 2011. The review found that the majority of the sector’s fuel consumption comes from active fishing, contributing to an annual CO2 emission of 4,934 million kilograms. However, at 16.3%, the country’s marine mechanized fisheries sector still falls below the global level in carbon emissions.
Reasons for India’s Relatively Low Carbon Footprint in Marine Fisheries
One key reason behind India’s relatively smaller carbon footprint in marine fisheries is its reliance on human power rather than large, mechanized fishing boats. Despite the introduction of these boats in the late 1950s, their numbers have started to increase significantly only recently. From just 6,708 in 1961, the fleet size grew to 72,559 by 2010.
The Impact of Increasing Carbon Footprint on Marine Ecosystems
The rising carbon footprint isn’t without consequences. For instance, increased carbon dioxide levels in seawater lead to ocean acidification, making it harder for marine organisms to create and maintain shells and skeletons. This, in turn, severely impacts their survival rates. In addition, the carbon footprint also affects marine food webs, causing changes in the distribution and abundance of plankton – a foundational part of the marine food web.
Initiatives Aimed at Reducing Carbon Emissions from the Fishing Sector
In response to these environmental concerns, several initiatives have been launched. The Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) aims to promote green fishing practices and leverage the blue economy for the benefit of coastal fishers through an investment worth Rs. 750 crores in Integrated Modern Coastal Fishing Villages.
Alternative Livelihoods & Fuel Efficiency Measures
The government is also promoting alternative livelihoods for fishermen and women to alleviate overfishing and pressure on marine resources. Furthermore, measures have been introduced to enhance fuel efficiency in fishing vessels and reduce idling time.
Fishing Vessel Monitoring & CMFRI Initiatives
To combat illegal fishing, a vessel monitoring system called ReALCraft has been implemented. This system enables authorities to track the location and movement of fishing vessels, ensuring sustainable fishing practices. In addition, CMFRI is developing a climate-smart value chain and a Coastal Climate Risk Atlas to pinpoint vulnerable coastal areas in India.
About Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI)
Established in 1947 by the Government of India, CMFRI was initially under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare before joining the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) in 1967. Today, ICAR is the world’s largest network of agricultural research and education institutes, functioning under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare.
