The Government of India has made significant strides in the fight against sickle cell disease, with a mission to eradicate Sickle cell Anaemia by 2047 announced in Union Budget 2023-24. This action comes as part of the National Health Mission’s ongoing support to states in preventing and managing this hereditary and often debilitating condition.
Understanding Sickle Cell Disease
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a severe, chronic single-gene disorder that produces a range of life-altering symptoms. Characterized by systemic syndrome, this condition often leads to chronic anaemia, painful episodes known as sickle cell crises, organ infarction, and progressive organ damage. A marked reduction in life expectancy is also associated with this disease.
Symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease
Symptoms of SCD can vary greatly from patient to patient. For some, symptoms may be mild, while others experience extreme discomfort. Some of the common symptoms include:
1. Chronic Anaemia: This results in extreme fatigue, weakness, and paleness.
2. Painful episodes or sickle cell crisis: Sudden and intense pain can manifest in various body parts such as the bones, chest, back, arms, and legs.
3. Delayed growth and puberty
Treatment Options for Sickle Cell Disease
Several treatment methods have been developed over time to manage sickle cell disease. Although there’s currently no definitive cure for this condition, the following treatments can alleviate symptoms and improve patients’ quality of life:
1. Blood transfusions: This method relieves anaemia and reduces the risk of pain crises.
2. Hydroxyurea: As a medication, hydroxyurea assists in reducing the frequency of painful episodes and prevents some of the long-term complications of SCD.
3. Bone marrow or stem cell transplantation: This invasive procedure is another potential treatment option for SCD.
Government’s Role in Combating Sickle Cell Disease
The Indian government has undertaken numerous initiatives to address the challenges posed by SCD. In 2016, it released technical operational guidelines for prevention and control of hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell anaemia. These guidelines serve as a comprehensive reference for healthcare providers in diagnosing and managing this condition.
Integrated centers have been established in 22 tribal districts to offer diagnosis and treatment services. Moreover, the State Haemoglobinopathy Mission in Madhya Pradesh was set up explicitly to focus on screening and management of SCD. These concerted efforts reflect the government’s keen awareness of the disease’s impact and its steadfast dedication to alleviating its effects.
SCD and UPSC Civil Services Examination
In the UPSC Civil Services Examination, previous year question includes “What are the research and developmental achievements in applied biotechnology? How will these achievements help to uplift the poorer sections of society?” This indicates the need for in-depth understanding in the area of health and science, including conditions like SCD.
