In a historical first, the National Security Advisor (NSA) of India hosted a high-level security meeting with his counterparts from Central Asian states: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. This significant event followed the inaugural India-Central Asia Summit, also held for the first time virtually in January 2022, under the leadership of India’s Prime Minister.
Key Highlights from the NSA Meetings
The aforementioned conferences marked the 30th anniversary of the commencement of diplomatic relations between India and Central Asian nations. Major discussion points included addressing the current security situation in Afghanistan and tackling the threat of potential terrorism in the region. A significant outcome of these meetings was an agreement to hold similar summits biannually and establishing an India-Central Asia Secretariat in New Delhi.
The Role of the National Security Advisor in India
In India, the NSA is the prime advisor to the Prime Minister and presides over the National Security Council (NSC). The current NSA is Ajit Doval. Established in 1998, the NSC oversees political, economic, energy, and security issues that are strategically critical.
India’s Relations with Central Asia: A Historical Perspective
India shares deep historical and cultural ties with Central Asia dating back to the era of the Great Silk Road. The Central Asian countries, members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), are regarded by India as the “heart of Asia.” Both sides share common concerns over cross-border terrorism and are in agreement over countering such threats collectively.
India’s Involvement in Aiding Afghanistan
India and Central Asian countries share concerns over potential terrorism originating from Afghanistan and the ensuing threat to regional security. In November 2021, India hosted a regional dialogue on the Afghan situation, attended by NSAs from these countries.
Chabahar Port: A Strategic Asset for India
India has made significant strides in renovating Chabahar Port. It has used this port to send humanitarian aid to Afghanistan, significantly aiding international organisations in delivering essential goods to the Afghan people during the recent humanitarian crisis.
Challenges Hindering India-Central Asia Ties
Several challenges inhibit stronger ties between India and Central Asia. These include physical connectivity issues due to Pakistan’s hostility and instability in Afghanistan, political volatility in Central Asian nations, China’s growing influence through the Belt and Road Initiative, and rampant corruption and illegal activities such as drug and money trafficking.
Envisioning Stronger Relations with Central Asia
India aims to strengthen its cultural and historical connections with Central Asia. The nation has increased its global visibility and contributions to multilateral forums like the SCO, positioning itself as a critical stakeholder in the region.
Potential Exam Questions Based on Previous Years
Potential questions for the UPSC Civil Services Examination could revolve around the impact of developing Chabahar Port by India, the implications of outside powers gaining a foothold in Central Asia, or the importance of India joining the Ashgabat Agreement.