India has made transition in international law by adopting an eco-centric approach to environmental jurisprudence. This shift was brought into light by Supreme Court Justice PS Narasimha at the National Conference on Environment-2025. The conference focused on promoting a holistic view of the ecosystem, prioritising its well-being over human utility.
About Anthropocentric vs Eco-Centric Approaches
The anthropocentric approach places humans at the centre of environmental considerations. It values nature primarily for its usefulness to humanity. In contrast, the eco-centric approach acknowledges the intrinsic value of nature. It prioritises the health of ecosystems and all living beings. This shift reflects a broader understanding of environmental ethics, recognising the interconnectedness of all life forms.
Significance of the National Conference on Environment-2025
The National Conference on Environment-2025 was a very important event that gathered various stakeholders. It aimed to encourage a common vision for environmental restoration. Justice Narasimha noted that such conferences facilitate the exchange of ideas. They encourage innovative approaches to environmental challenges. The participation of legal experts, scientists, and activists enriched the discussions.
Cultural Context of the Eco-Centric Shift
India’s cultural heritage plays important role in this shift. Traditionally, Indian philosophy does not view humans as superior to nature. Instead, it sees humans as part of a larger ecological system. This perspective encourages sustainable practices that respect the environment. Justice Narasimha emphasised the importance of grassroots solutions to environmental issues.
Government Initiatives and Legal Framework
The Government of India is actively addressing environmental challenges. Solicitor General Tushar Mehta brought into light ongoing efforts to tackle grave environmental issues. He asserted that while the problems are , they are not insurmountable. Legal frameworks are evolving to support eco-centric principles. The National Green Tribunal plays a vital role in this transformation.
Key Focus Areas Discussed at the Conference
The conference included four tactical sessions that addressed critical environmental concerns. These sessions focused on air quality, water resources, forest conservation, and a collective way forward. Experts shared valuable insights and strategies for sustainable development. Collaborative efforts among various sectors are essential for effective environmental management.
Future Directions and Global Leadership
India aims to lead globally in eco-centric environmental policies. The emphasis on innovative ideas and practical solutions is crucial. As climate change impacts all aspects of life, preparedness is essential. The country seeks to restore ecological balance and ensure a healthier future for generations.
Questions for UPSC:
- Examine the impact of eco-centric jurisprudence on environmental policy in India.
- Critically discuss the role of cultural values in shaping environmental ethics in India.
- What are the implications of climate change on biodiversity? Discuss with suitable examples.
- With suitable examples, discuss the significance of grassroots movements in environmental conservation.
Answer Hints:
1. Examine the impact of eco-centric jurisprudence on environmental policy in India.
- Eco-centric jurisprudence prioritizes ecosystem health over human utility, influencing policy decisions.
- Legal frameworks are evolving to integrate eco-centric principles, promoting sustainable practices.
- Judicial decisions reflect this shift, leading to stricter regulations on pollution and resource use.
- Government initiatives increasingly focus on biodiversity conservation and climate resilience.
- Conferences and stakeholder engagement encourage collaboration and innovative solutions in environmental governance.
2. Critically discuss the role of cultural values in shaping environmental ethics in India.
- Indian philosophy traditionally emphasizes harmony with nature, viewing humans as part of the ecosystem.
- Cultural narratives often advocate for sustainable practices and respect for all living beings.
- Religious beliefs and practices promote conservation, influencing community behavior towards the environment.
- Grassroots movements rooted in cultural values have driven local environmental initiatives.
- The integration of cultural perspectives in policy-making can enhance public engagement in environmental issues.
3. What are the implications of climate change on biodiversity? Discuss with suitable examples.
- Climate change leads to habitat loss, threatening species survival and ecosystem stability.
- Shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns disrupt migration and breeding cycles of species.
- Coral bleaching, as seen in the Great Barrier Reef, exemplifies the impact on marine biodiversity.
- Increased frequency of extreme weather events devastates ecosystems, reducing species diversity.
- Invasive species may thrive in altered climates, further endangering native species and ecosystems.
4. With suitable examples, discuss the significance of grassroots movements in environmental conservation.
- Grassroots movements empower local communities to take action in environmental protection efforts.
- Examples include the Chipko Movement, which successfully advocated for forest conservation in India.
- Community-led initiatives, such as rainwater harvesting, enhance local water management and sustainability.
- Grassroots activism raises awareness and influences policy through collective action and advocacy.
- These movements often highlight indigenous knowledge, integrating traditional practices with modern conservation strategies.
