The 3-day International Conference on Status and Protection of Coral Reefs (STAPCOR 2018) started its session in Lakshadweep. The conference, focusing on the theme “Reef for Life” was organized by the Zoological Survey of India as part of the initiatives to promote healthy marine ecosystems.
The International Year of the Reef (IYOR) 2018
The International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) declared 2018 as the third International Year of the Reef (IYOR). As a global campaign, IYOR 2018 orchestrates a year-long program of events and activities aimed at boosting coral reef conservation. Globally, it aims to increase awareness about the value of, and threats to, coral reefs and their associated ecosystems. The campaign also strives to promote collaborations between governments, the private sector, academia, and civil society on coral reef management.
History of International Year of the Reef
The initiative to observe an International Year of the Reef was first launched in 1997 by the ICRI, in response to the growing threats to coral reefs and related ecosystems like mangrove forests and seagrass beds. The initiative was again observed in 2008, marking it as the second International Year of the Reef.
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1997 | First International Year of the Reef |
| 2008 | Second International Year of the Reef |
| 2018 | Third International Year of the Reef |
Understanding Corals and Their Significance
Corals are essentially colonies of genetically identical organisms called polyps. These polyps have microscopic algae known as zooxanthellae living within their tissues, giving them unique and beautiful colors. This unique characteristic has led to corals being referred to as the “rainforests of the seas”. There are two types of corals: hard, shallow-water corals which build reefs and soft corals alongside deepwater corals that thrive in dark, cold waters.
The Ecosystem Services of Corals
Coral habitats provide shelter for over 1 million diverse aquatic species, including thousands of fish species. Economically, they are valued at $2.7 trillion per year globally for providing services such as tourism and food. Coral reefs also protect shorelines by absorbing wave energy, reducing erosion and thereby safeguarding coastal housing, agricultural land, and beaches. Additionally, coral reefs are the source of potential treatments for many prevalent and serious health conditions.
Potential Threats to Coral Ecosystems
The thriving existence of coral reefs is threatened by various activities like overfishing, destructive fishing methods, unregulated recreational activities, coastal development, and pollution. Changing climate is also a major threat, causing phenomena like coral bleaching and ocean acidification. The aquarium trade also poses a significant risk, whereby tropical fish and corals are often illegally and destructively removed from reefs for sale worldwide.
International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI)
The International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) is an informal partnership involving various nations and organizations, aimed at preserving coral reefs and related ecosystems across the globe. Founded in 1994 by eight countries, ICRI now boasts over 60 members, including India. Despite its decisions being non-binding, ICRI plays a vital role in regulating actions and policies that impact coral reefs worldwide.
