Established in 1990 by the United Nations General Assembly, the International Day of Older Persons (IDOP) is commemorated annually on October 1. The day aims to address ageing issues and to appreciate the contributions that older people make to society. The themes for IDOP in 2020 were multifaceted. They aimed to promote the Decade of Healthy Ageing, reduce health disparities among elderly people in developed and developing countries, appreciate healthcare professionals’ role – with special emphasis on nursing, and understand Covid-19’s impact on older individuals.
Promoting Decade of Healthy Aging: 2020-2030
Endorsed by the 73rd World Health Assembly in 2020, the Decade of Healthy Ageing provides a platform for governments, civil society, international agencies, media, and private sector to collaborate and act upon improving older people’s lives. Healthy ageing refers to developing and preserving functional abilities that ensure well-being in advanced age. Functional ability pertains to capabilities that enable individuals to perform what they deem valuable.
Addressing Inter-Country Health Disparities among Elderly People
A key objective of IDOP is to bridge the gap in health conditions encountered by older people in developed versus developing nations, striving towards not leaving anyone behind.
Recognizing Healthcare Workforce’s Role: Focus on Nursing Profession
IDOP also highlights the importance of healthcare workforce, particularly nurses, in maintaining and improving older people’s health. Interestingly, 2020 was also declared as the “Year of the Nurse and Midwife” in recognition of their critical role.
Analyzing Impact of Covid-19 on Elderly Population
Increasing understanding of how COVID-19 affects older persons also falls under IDOP themes. Older individuals, especially those with pre-existing health conditions, have been hardest hit by the pandemic, affecting their income and living standards.
Worldwide and India-Specific Data on Aging Population
Worldwide, the elderly population (60 years and above) will outnumber children under 5 years by 2020. By 2050, older persons are projected to more than double, reaching over 1.5 billion, with 80% residing in low- to middle-income countries. Unfortunately, less than 20% of retirement-age individuals receive a pension. With regards to India, according to Census 2011, senior citizens accounted for 8.57% of total population, expected to increase to 12.4% by 2026.
Indian Initiatives for Addressing Elderly Populations’ Needs
In India, the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is responsible for senior citizen matters. Article 41 of the Indian Constitution guarantees rights to work, education, and public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness, and disablement. Government programs aiming to assist the elderly include the Integrated Programme for Older Persons, the Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana pension scheme, the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007, and the Vayoshreshtha Samman national award recognizing service towards elderly cause.
Conclusion
The International Day of Older Persons is a key initiative by the United Nations to address global issues associated with population ageing and to appreciate the contributions of older individuals to society. While challenges exist, particularly due to the Covid-19 pandemic, collective efforts can help improve the lives of elderly people worldwide.