International Epilepsy Day (IED), occurring annually on the second Monday of February, was observed this year on 14th February 2022. This day aims to inform and educate individuals worldwide about epilepsy and its associated issues. It also highlights the urgent need for developing better treatments, providing improved care and increasing resources dedicated to research. The International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) and the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) jointly initiated the IED in 2015.
Understanding Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder that disrupts normal brain activity leading to seizures or periods of unusual behavior, sensations, and sometimes even loss of awareness. It is defined as having two or more unprovoked seizures. Ancient records dating back to 4000 BCE document epilepsy, making it one of the oldest known conditions worldwide.
Epilepsy Demographics and Statistics
Approximately 50 million people across the globe suffer from epilepsy, marking it as one of the most common neurological diseases worldwide. In India alone, the condition affects nearly 60 lakh individuals. While anyone can develop epilepsy, the disorder is predominantly seen in young children and older adults.
Epilepsy Management and Treatment
Sadly, there is no definitive cure for epilepsy. However, it can be managed effectively with medications and other strategic interventions. Comprehensive patient care, appropriate medication, lifestyle modifications, and continued monitoring can help manage symptoms and enhance life quality for those with epilepsy.
The Global Health Perspective of Epilepsy
In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) released its first global report on epilepsy titled ‘Epilepsy, a public health imperative.’ This report condensed the available evidence on the disease burden and the necessary public health responses required at international, regional, and national levels.
The WHO Mental Health Gap Action Program (mhGAP)
The WHO has initiated the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) with a focus on improving services for mental, neurological, and substance use disorders. This initiative is especially beneficial for countries with low to middle-income brackets since these regions often lack adequate resources and expertise to manage such disorders. The WHO’s initiatives aim to bridge this gap and improve the overall mental health services available worldwide.
With an improved understanding and global awareness programs like IED, the stigma associated with epilepsy can be challenged. By providing accurate information and support to those affected and their families, society can work towards a more inclusive environment for individuals living with epilepsy.