A group of small island states is set to make history as they bring a groundbreaking case before the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Their aim is to secure protection for the world’s oceans against the devastating impacts of climate change. Established by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, this independent judicial body comprises 21 members elected by secret ballot from States Parties to the Convention. The Tribunal has jurisdiction over disputes related to the Convention, including maritime zone delimitation, navigation, marine resource conservation, environmental protection, and marine research.
Facts/Terms for UPSC Prelims
- United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS): UNCLOS is an international treaty governing the use and conservation of the world’s oceans and resources. It establishes the legal framework for maritime boundaries, environmental protection, and scientific research at sea.
- Maritime Zones: These are defined areas of the sea, such as territorial waters, exclusive economic zones (EEZs), and international waters, each subject to specific rights and regulations under UNCLOS.
- Hamburg, Germany: The city where the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is located, serving as its seat. This location is vital for the Tribunal’s operations and meetings.
- States Parties: These are the countries and international organizations that have ratified and are bound by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
- Interpretation and Application: Refers to the Tribunal’s authority to resolve disputes concerning the understanding or implementation of UNCLOS provisions, including issues related to environmental protection and marine resource management.