As investigations continue into the recent derailment in Balasore, Odisha, questions have been raised about the electronic track management system employed by Indian Railways. The Railway Minister has pointed towards a change in the electronic interlocking as a key factor leading to this catastrophic event. However, to fully understand the implications of these comments, it’s crucial to delve deeper into railway operations.
Understanding the Interlocking System in Indian Railways
The Interlocking System within the Indian Railways functions as a key safety mechanism that controls train movements, ensuring that travel at stations and junctions remains secure. It comprises an intricate network of signals, points or switches, and track circuits, all interlocking to prevent any conflicting movements that could lead to disastrous collisions.
Electronic Interlocking: An Overview
Distinct from traditional relay interlocking systems, Electronic Interlocking (EI) uses computerised systems and electronic equipment to control signals, points, and level-crossing gates. With its unique utilisation of software and electronic components to manage interlock logic, EI ensures all elements work in synchronicity for smooth and uninterrupted train movement. As of 2022, about 45.5% of the Indian Railways network, comprising 2,888 stations, were outfitted with this cutting-edge system.
Unravelling the Indian Railways Network
Standing as the world’s fourth-largest railway network, the Indian Railways annually transports an astounding average of eight billion passengers. The mammoth network stretches over 68,000 km, includes more than 7,000 stations, and runs a track length of 1,02,831 km. By March 31, 2022, the network’s total track length, inclusive of sidings, yards, and crossings, clocked in at 1,28,305 km.
Key Components of Electronic Interlocking
This advanced system comprises several components that work in unison to facilitate seamless movement. Signals employing light indicators command trains to either stop, proceed or exercise caution. Points or switches guide trains along straight or diverging paths, while electrical circuits installed on tracks determine train presence and movement safety. Additionally, electronic systems, communication devices, and other equipment housed in secure relay rooms further control signalling components. A data logger continually records all activities, essentially functioning as a railway-relevant black box.
System Functionality: A Close Assessment
Once operators or automated control systems communicate commands, the electronic interlocking system processes this information to define a secure route for the trains. The system then aligns the necessary track points and interlocks signalling devices in appropriate positions, setting the desired route. Based on the route’s direction and absence of track obstructions, trains are subsequently given signals to proceed.
Ensuring Safety: Collision and Failure Prevention
The electronic interlocking system utilises track circuits to monitor train presence continually, thereby preventing multiple trains from simultaneously running on the same track, consequently reducing collision risks. Additionally, the system locks points in position under specific conditions, ensuring secure train movements. Lastly, any system malfunction triggers alerts to operators or maintenance personnel, prompting speedy resolution and eliminating any potential hazards.
