The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) has released a pivotal report stating that the sustainable use of wild species could potentially meet the needs of billions of people. Delegates from 140 countries met up to reach an agreement over this critical issue. The report marked the first of its kind, having been four years in the making.
Understanding IPBES
The IPBES is an independent intergovernmental body established by member states in 2012. It serves to strengthen interactions between scientific knowledge and policy-making regarding biodiversity, ecosystem services, conservation efforts, and sustainable development.
Key Findings of the Report
According to the IPBES report, almost 70% of the world’s impoverished populations depend heavily on wild species. The importance of wild species extends beyond being a food source to becoming a significant income source for millions across the globe. Around 34% of marine fish stocks are overfished, while unsustainable logging threatens the survival of 12% of tree species.
Local Variations and Unsustainable Practices
The report highlighted considerable local and contextual variations in the ways wild species are used and exploited. Local subtleties may affect global strategies aimed at ensuring biodiversity and sustainability.
The Impact on Rural Populations
Unsustainable use of wildlife poses the most significant risk to rural individuals in developing nations due to the lack of alternative sources. Approximately 50,000 wild species are used in various practices, including more than 10,000 directly harvested for human consumption.
Cultural Significance of Wild Species
Certain species hold cultural importance as they offer tangible and intangible benefits integral to people’s cultural heritage. Particularly among indigenous communities, wild species provide not only cultural and spiritual sustenance but also significant employment opportunities.
Threats and Challenges
Various factors, including climate change, pollution, and invasive alien species, influence the abundance and distribution of wild species. Global trade in wild species has expanded over the past four decades, with illegal trade being a significant concern.
The Report’s Recommendations
The report suggested integrating diverse value systems, equitable cost and benefit distribution, cultural norm and social value changes, and effective governance systems to ensure future sustainable use of wild species. Scientists and indigenous communities should work together to strengthen the sustainable use of wild species, especially since many national and international frameworks don’t adequately consider cultural contexts.
Sustainable Use in Fishing and Logging
The report also outlined specific recommendations for sectors like fishing and logging. Suggestions include fixing inefficiencies, reducing illegal activities, supporting small-scale fisheries, adapting to climate change impacts, and creating effective transboundary institutions for fishing. For logging, management and certification of forests for multiple uses, technological innovations to reduce waste, and initiatives recognizing the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities were recommended.
