ISRO’s PSLV-C60 SpaDeX Mission Launching Innovative Payloads

The PSLV-C60 SpaDeX mission is set to launch by ISRO from Sriharikota. This mission will carry 24 payloads, including four developed by Karnataka-based institutions and start-ups. The mission marks India’s growing capabilities in space research and technology.

Payload Overview

The PSLV-C60 mission will include a diverse array of payloads. Among them are RVSat-1, BGS ARPIT, RUDRA 1.0 HPGP, and GLX-SQ. Each payload serves a unique purpose, contributing to scientific research and technological advancements in space.

RVSat-1 – Microbiological Research

Developed by R.V. College of Engineering, RVSat-1 focuses on microbiological experiments in microgravity. It studies the growth of the gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. The experiment aims to understand how this bacterium behaves in space, providing vital information about astronaut health and potential applications in antibiotic development.

BGS ARPIT – Amateur Radio Communication

The BGS ARPIT payload, created by SJC Institute of Technology, is designed for amateur radio communication. It transmits audio, text, and images using FM modulation in the VHF band. This payload aims to enhance global amateur radio satellite services.

RUDRA 1.0 HPGP – Green Propulsion System

Developed by Bellatrix Aerospace, RUDRA 1.0 HPGP showcases a high-performance green propulsion system. Its goals include sustaining thruster firing for at least 50 seconds and monitoring the system’s thermal profile. This technology aims to improve propulsion efficiency in future space missions.

GLX-SQ – Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging

The GLX-SQ payload, from GalaxEye Space Solutions, focuses on generating and processing Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images in space. This capability is crucial for Earth observation and various applications in remote sensing.

Innovative Robotic Technology

The mission will also feature the Relocatable Robotic Manipulator-Technology Demonstrator (RRM-TD). This robotic arm is India’s first with walking capability. It is designed to perform tasks in space, demonstrating advanced robotics for future missions.

Plant Growth Experiments

The Compact Research Module for Orbital Plant Studies (CROPS) aims to study plant growth in microgravity. It will conduct a 5 to 7-day experiment to observe seed germination and plant sustenance. The Amity Plant Experimental Module in Space (APEMS) will also study plant callus growth under different gravitational conditions.

Collaboration and Contribution

Of the 24 payloads, 14 are from ISRO centres while 10 come from academic institutions and start-ups. This collaboration puts stress on the role of Indian academia and industry in advancing space research and technology.

Future Implications

The results from these experiments will contribute to understanding human physiology in space. They will also support the development of technologies for sustainable living in extraterrestrial environments.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the role of private sector start-ups in India’s space research and technology development.
2. Explain the significance of microbiological experiments in space for astronaut health and potential medical applications.
3. What is the importance of Synthetic Aperture Radar technology in modern Earth observation? Discuss its applications.
4. What are the challenges of growing plants in microgravity? How can these challenges affect future space missions?

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the role of private sector start-ups in India’s space research and technology development.

1. Private sector start-ups are increasingly collaborating with ISRO, contributing innovative technologies and payloads.
2. They enhance competition and drive efficiency in the space sector, encouraging a culture of innovation.
3. Start-ups like Bellatrix Aerospace and GalaxEye Space Solutions are developing unique solutions, such as green propulsion systems and SAR imaging.
4. The collaboration boosts India’s self-reliance in space technology and reduces dependency on foreign entities.
5. Government initiatives and funding support the growth of private players, integrating them into national space missions.

2. Explain the significance of microbiological experiments in space for astronaut health and potential medical applications.

1. Microbiological experiments help understand how microgravity affects human physiology and microbial behavior.
2. Research on gut bacteria like Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron can inform astronaut health and nutrition in long-duration missions.
3. Findings can lead to the development of effective antibiotics and treatments for resistant strains.
4. Data gathered assists in waste management and bioremediation processes essential for sustainable space exploration.
5. About microbial growth in space can improve strategies for maintaining crew health during space travel.

3. What is the importance of Synthetic Aperture Radar technology in modern Earth observation? Discuss its applications.

1. SAR technology allows for high-resolution imaging of the Earth’s surface regardless of weather conditions or time of day.
2. It is crucial for monitoring environmental changes, urban development, and disaster management.
3. SAR is used in agriculture for crop monitoring and in forestry for assessing biomass and deforestation.
4. Applications extend to military reconnaissance, maritime surveillance, and infrastructure monitoring.
5. The capability to generate 3D images enhances geological and topographical studies, aiding in resource management.

4. What are the challenges of growing plants in microgravity? How can these challenges affect future space missions?

1. Microgravity affects plant growth processes, including nutrient uptake, water distribution, and root development.
2. Plants may exhibit altered gene expression and growth patterns, complicating agricultural practices in space.
3. Limited space and resources for sustaining plant growth can hinder long-term missions and colonization efforts.
4. About these challenges is vital for developing effective life support systems for astronauts.
5. Successful plant growth experiments can lead to sustainable food sources and oxygen production in extraterrestrial environments.