Karnataka’s Shakti Scheme – A Year of Free Travel

The Shakti scheme in Karnataka marks milestone in women’s mobility. Launched on June 11, 2023, it provides free bus travel for women on State-run buses. As the scheme celebrates its first anniversary, it marks both achievements and challenges. The initiative aims to empower women by enhancing their access to public transport.

Overview of the Shakti Scheme

The Shakti scheme is one of five flagship initiatives introduced by the Congress government in Karnataka. It aims to improve women’s mobility across the state. The initiative allows women to travel for free on buses operated by four State transport corporations. This includes the Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC), Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC), North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (NWKRTC), and Kalyana Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (KKRTC).

Impact on Ridership

Since its launch, the scheme has increased daily ridership on State-run buses. Before the scheme, the average daily ridership was approximately 93.46 lakh passengers. After its implementation, the number surged to about 116.63 lakh passengers. This represents an increase of 23.17 lakh daily commuters, showcasing the scheme’s positive reception among women.

Financial Aspects and Reimbursement Issues

The financial implications of the Shakti scheme are noteworthy. Between June 2023 and March 2024, the four transport corporations incurred an expenditure of ₹4,38,036.59. However, the government has only reimbursed ₹3,19,975. This leaves a pending amount of ₹1,18,061.59. This financial gap poses challenges for the sustainability of the scheme and raises concerns regarding the timely support for public transport initiatives.

Fleet Expansion Initiatives

In October 2024, KSRTC expanded its fleet by adding 20 luxury Airavat Club Class 2.0 buses. Each bus costs ₹1.78 crore, offering enhanced comfort and space for passengers. Earlier in February, KSRTC introduced the Ashwamedha series, adding 750 buses to improve connectivity between Bengaluru and various district headquarters. Meanwhile, BMTC has been actively expanding its electric bus fleet, aiming for 2,000 electric buses by 2025. In 2024 alone, BMTC added 400 e-buses, increasing its total fleet to 6,147 buses.

Challenges Ahead

Despite the successes, challenges remain. The pending reimbursement could affect the transport corporations’ operations. Additionally, the growing ridership demands continued investment in infrastructure and services. The expansion of the fleet must keep pace with the increasing number of passengers to ensure reliable and efficient public transport.

Future Prospects

The Shakti scheme represents a progressive step towards gender equality in transportation. Continued support and investment will be crucial to maintaining its success. Future initiatives may focus on enhancing safety and comfort for women commuters. The ongoing expansion of bus fleets, especially electric vehicles, aligns with sustainability goals and could further improve public transport in Karnataka.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the impact of free public transport initiatives on women’s empowerment in India.
2. Explain the significance of public transport in urban planning and its role in sustainable development.
3. What are the challenges faced by state governments in implementing welfare schemes like the Shakti scheme? Discuss.
4. What is the role of electric buses in reducing urban pollution? How can they contribute to sustainable transportation solutions?

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the impact of free public transport initiatives on women’s empowerment in India.

1. Free public transport increases women’s mobility, enabling them to access education, employment, and healthcare.
2. It reduces financial burdens on women, promoting economic independence and participation in the workforce.
3. The initiative encourages social inclusion by encouraging women to travel freely without fear of costs.
4. Women’s increased presence in public spaces can challenge societal norms and contribute to gender equality.
5. However, the effectiveness of such initiatives depends on safety measures and the reliability of services.

2. Explain the significance of public transport in urban planning and its role in sustainable development.

1. Public transport reduces traffic congestion and lowers greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to cleaner urban environments.
2. It promotes efficient land use by encouraging higher density development around transit hubs.
3. Accessible public transport enhances social equity by providing mobility options for all socio-economic groups.
4. Investing in public transport infrastructure stimulates economic growth and job creation in urban areas.
5. It supports sustainable development goals by improving access to essential services and reducing reliance on private vehicles.

3. What are the challenges faced by state governments in implementing welfare schemes like the Shakti scheme? Discuss.

1. Financial sustainability issues arise from inadequate government reimbursements, affecting transport corporations’ operations.
2. Ensuring safety and security for women in public transport remains a critical concern that needs addressing.
3. Infrastructure limitations may hinder the expansion and efficiency of public transport systems.
4. Awareness and outreach efforts are necessary to ensure eligible women utilize the benefits of such schemes.
5. Political and bureaucratic challenges can delay the implementation and effectiveness of welfare initiatives.

4. What is the role of electric buses in reducing urban pollution? How can they contribute to sustainable transportation solutions?

1. Electric buses produce zero tailpipe emissions, reducing air pollution in urban areas.
2. They contribute to lower noise pollution levels compared to traditional diesel buses, improving urban living conditions.
3. Electric buses can be powered by renewable energy sources, aligning with sustainability goals and reducing carbon footprints.
4. Investment in electric bus infrastructure supports job creation in the green technology sector.
5. They can enhance public transport attractiveness, encouraging more people to use public over private transport, thus reducing overall vehicle emissions.