Kashmir’s renowned saffron has been in the news recently because it received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag status. This hallmark of quality and distinctiveness is a testament to the age-old tradition and cultural heritage that the spice represents for this Northern region of India.
The Historical Roots of Saffron Cultivation in Kashmir
It is believed that the cultivation of saffron in Kashmir dates back to the 1st Century BCE. Central Asian immigrants originally introduced this precious plant species into the region. In fact, the ancient Sanskrit literature has made mention of saffron, referring to it as ‘bahukam’. The product is grown extensively in the Karewa highlands of Jammu and Kashmir, adding to its uniqueness and rich flavour.
Uniqueness of Kashmiri Saffron
What sets Kashmiri Saffron apart from other varieties grown around the world are several distinguishing features. Firstly, it is the only saffron variety globally that is cultivated at an altitude of 1,600 to 1,800 meters above mean sea level. This unique geographical location contributes significantly to the plant’s distinct characteristics.
The natural deep-red colour of this saffron variety, its high aroma, and bitter flavor testify to its superior quality. Interestingly, the processing of this saffron does not involve the use of any chemical substances, thus preserving its natural aroma and taste. Furthermore, it contains a high quantity of crocin (colouring strength), safranal (flavour) and picrocrocin (bitterness), which adds to its attractiveness.
Types of Kashmiri Saffron
Within the Kashmiri variety, there are three distinct types of saffron— Lachha Saffron, Mongra Saffron, and Guchhi Saffron. Each of these has its own unique features and qualities that contribute to the diversity in taste, aroma, and appearance of the overall saffron production from the region.
Global Uses of Kashmiri Saffron
Saffron from Kashmir is renowned and used globally, primarily as a spice. It is sought after for its ability to revitalize health and is widely used in cosmetics and for medicinal purposes. The distinct flavour and aroma of this saffron variety have found admirers worldwide, making it a highly desirable product.
Beneficial Impact of the GI Tag on Kashmiri Saffron
The recently awarded GI tag is expected to significantly boost the prominence of Kashmiri saffron in the global export market. This is particularly momentous considering that Iran, the largest producer of saffron worldwide, faces stiff competition from India in the global market. The newly acquired GI tag for Kashmiri saffron could give a significant push to India’s standing in this competitive arena.
This article is based on sources from TH.