Kerala Launches Mission Food, Fodder, and Water Campaign

The Kerala Forest Department has initiated a campaign named ‘Mission Food, Fodder, and Water’ to address human-wildlife conflicts. This campaign is particularly crucial from January to May, a period marked by increased incidents of such conflicts. The announcement was made by Forest Minister A.K. Saseendran, following a review meeting in Wayanad. The campaign aims to ensure the availability of water and food resources in forested areas.

Objectives of the Campaign

The primary aim of Mission FFW is to reduce human-wildlife conflicts in regions adjacent to forests. The campaign focuses on creating sustainable food and water sources for wildlife. This is expected to minimise encounters between humans and animals, thereby protecting both parties.

Phases of Implementation

The campaign is divided into three distinct phases:

• Phase 1 (Database Creation): This phase is set to be completed by February 10. It involves mapping fields, check dams, ponds, grasslands, and glades within forest regions. Data will be compiled at various administrative levels to identify critical areas needing intervention.
• Phase 2 (Implementation): Scheduled from February 11 to April 30, this phase focuses on constructing brushwood check dams in streams that are prone to drying up during summer. These structures aim to retain water and sustain wildlife.
• Phase 3 (Post-Fire Planning): Beginning on May 1, this phase will involve planning activities after the fire season. It includes the removal of invasive species and maintenance of existing water bodies and grasslands. The Forest Department will also ensure the clearance of underbrush along paths to enhance accessibility.

Identified Hotspots

The Forest Department has identified 63 hotspots that are particularly vulnerable to human-wildlife conflict. This identification is crucial for targeted interventions. The tragic incident of a woman being mauled by a tiger in Wayanad has telld the urgency of this campaign.

Collaboration with Other States

Kerala’s government plans to collaborate with neighbouring states, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Meetings will be held with their Forest Ministers to discuss strategies for mitigating human-wildlife conflicts across state borders.

Technological Integration

To enhance monitoring, Kerala is implementing a real-time monitoring system in forests. The State Disaster Management Authority has allocated ₹50 lakh for the installation of surveillance cameras. This initiative aims to provide timely data on wildlife movements and potential conflicts.

Focus on Fodder Availability

Ensuring adequate fodder availability is another critical aspect of the campaign. The Forest Department will maintain grasslands and glades. This will help support the herbivore population, thereby reducing their encroachment into human settlements in search of food.

Community Awareness

Community involvement is essential for the success of the campaign. The Forest Department will engage local communities to raise awareness about the importance of coexisting with wildlife. Educating residents about preventive measures can further reduce conflicts.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Discuss the impact of human-wildlife conflict on biodiversity conservation efforts in India.
2. Critically examine the role of technology in wildlife management and conflict mitigation.
3. Explain the significance of community involvement in wildlife conservation initiatives.
4. What are the challenges faced by the Forest Department in implementing sustainable practices in forest management? Discuss with suitable examples.

Answer Hints:

1. Discuss the impact of human-wildlife conflict on biodiversity conservation efforts in India.

1. Human-wildlife conflict leads to habitat loss and fragmentation, threatening species survival.
2. Increased encounters result in retaliatory killings of wildlife, diminishing biodiversity.
3. Conflict disrupts ecosystems, as species like herbivores may overpopulate due to reduced predation.
4. Conservation resources are diverted to manage conflicts rather than protecting habitats.
5. Public perception of wildlife can shift negatively, impacting conservation funding and support.

2. Critically examine the role of technology in wildlife management and conflict mitigation.

1. Technology such as GPS tracking helps monitor wildlife movements, providing data to prevent conflicts.
2. Camera traps enhance understanding of wildlife behavior and population dynamics.
3. Real-time monitoring systems can alert authorities to potential human-wildlife encounters.
4. Data analytics can identify conflict hotspots, enabling targeted interventions.
5. However, reliance on technology can lead to neglect of traditional knowledge and practices.

3. Explain the significance of community involvement in wildlife conservation initiatives.

1. Community engagement encourages stewardship and a sense of responsibility towards local wildlife.
2. Informed communities can implement preventive measures, reducing human-wildlife conflicts.
3. Local knowledge contributes to effective conservation strategies tailored to specific ecosystems.
4. Community participation ensures sustainable resource use, benefiting both people and wildlife.
5. Successful initiatives often rely on local support for enforcement and monitoring efforts.

4. What are the challenges faced by the Forest Department in implementing sustainable practices in forest management? Discuss with suitable examples.

1. Limited funding and resources hinder the implementation of comprehensive management plans.
2. Conflicting interests from agriculture and development often lead to habitat degradation.
3. Invasive species can outcompete native flora, complicating restoration efforts.
4. Lack of awareness and involvement from local communities can undermine conservation initiatives.
5. Political and bureaucratic hurdles can delay or obstruct the execution of sustainable practices.