The southern Indian state of Kerala is actively drafting a management plan to combat the threat posed to its wildlife habitats by the invasive Senna spectabilis plant. The prevention plan sets clear guidelines to not destroy these trees until there is an established reforestation programme and related resources in hand.
About Senna spectabilis
Senna spectabilis is a deciduous tree that originates from tropical parts of America. It has the capacity to shoot up to heights of 15 to 20 metres within a relatively short time frame and disperses thousands of seeds after it reaches maturity and flowers. This rapid reproduction, coupled with its thick foliage, impedes the growth of other domestic tree species and grasses, resulting in depleting food sources for the local wildlife, particularly herbivores. Additionally, this foreign species negatively impacts germination and the progress of native species. Despite its invasive characteristics, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List categorizes it under ‘Least Concern’.
The Planned Eradication of Senna spectabilis
The proposed strategy to deal with the Senna spectabilis involves managing the species at a landscape scale. Once materials and resources for landscape restoration are secured, the eradication process involving three different approaches for large trees, big saplings, and small saplings can commence. Large trees will be debarked from breast height (1.3 m above ground level) downwards covering the collar of the tree. These trees should be monitored on a monthly basis to eliminate any new growth in the debarked regions. Larger saplings can be plucked using specially designed weed pullers. The last step involves the mechanical removal of young plantlets. It is worth noting that the larger trees might require a minimum of 18 months to fully dry out post-debarking.
Understanding Invasive Species
An invasive species is usually an alien organism that introduces ecological or economic harm in a region where it doesn’t naturally belong. Such species have the potential to cause extinction of native flora and fauna, reduce biodiversity, compete with indigenous organisms for limited resources, and alter habitats. The introduction of these species can happen through various means such as ship ballast water, accidental release, and often by human beings. There are several known invasive species in India including Charru Mussel, Lantana bushes, Indian Bullfrog among others.
Through this management plan, Kerala aims to mitigate the damage caused by the Senna spectabilis, safeguard its rich biodiversity, maintain the health of its ecosystems, and ensure a sustainable environment for its wildlife.
