Kerala Proposes Ecologically Sensitive Areas in Western Ghats

The Kerala government has made proposal to the Centre regarding the designation of Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs) in the Western Ghats. This revised proposal, submitted recently, encompasses 8,590.69 square kilometres across 98 villages and 12 districts. This area is slightly smaller than the previous submission made earlier this year. The proposal comes in the wake of devastating landslides in Wayanad that claimed over 400 lives, denoting the urgent need for environmental protection in this fragile region.

About Ecologically Sensitive Areas

Ecologically Sensitive Areas are regions recognised for their environmental significance. They are crucial for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. The designation restricts harmful activities. This includes mining, quarrying, and the establishment of new thermal power plants. The aim is to safeguard both the environment and local communities.

of the Proposal

The proposal follows a series of tragic events in Wayanad district, where landslides raised concerns about the ecological integrity of the Western Ghats. The government’s revised proposal reflects feedback from local self-governments. It aims to ensure effective protection for vulnerable areas prone to natural disasters.

Government and Expert Committee Involvement

The Union Environment Minister confirmed the proposal’s submission in the Lok Sabha. An expert committee, led by Sanjay Kumar, is currently reviewing the proposals for ESA demarcation. This committee will assess the implications for all states involved, including Goa, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu.

Historical Perspective on ESA Designation

The concept of ESAs in the Western Ghats has evolved over the years. In 2013, Kerala initially proposed a larger area for designation. Subsequent revisions have seen the area reduced. The latest draft continues the trend of protecting important ecological regions while balancing local development needs.

Impact on Local Communities

The designation of ESAs will have a direct impact on local communities. While it aims to protect the environment, it may restrict economic activities. Communities reliant on mining and industrial jobs may face challenges. Therefore, it is essential to consider sustainable alternatives for local livelihoods.

Future Actions and Considerations

Following the proposal, the Centre has allowed states to submit objections and suggestions. An expert committee will evaluate these submissions. The outcomes will shape the future of the Western Ghats and the communities residing within them.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Analyse the significance of Ecologically Sensitive Areas in biodiversity conservation.
2. Critically discuss the impact of natural disasters on environmental policies in India.
3. Examine the role of local self-governments in environmental decision-making.
4. Estimate the long-term effects of ESA designation on local economies and communities.

Answer Hints:

1. Analyse the significance of Ecologically Sensitive Areas in biodiversity conservation.

1. ESAs are crucial for protecting biodiversity hotspots, ensuring the survival of various species.
2. They help maintain ecosystem services such as water purification, carbon storage, and soil fertility.
3. Restrictions on harmful activities like mining and industrialization prevent habitat destruction.
4. Designating ESAs aids in climate change mitigation by preserving natural landscapes.
5. They promote sustainable land-use practices, benefiting both nature and local communities.

2. Critically discuss the impact of natural disasters on environmental policies in India.

1. Natural disasters highlight vulnerabilities in ecological management and necessitate policy reforms.
2. Events like landslides prompt immediate government action, emphasizing the need for disaster risk reduction.
3. They often lead to stricter regulations on land use and environmental protection measures.
4. Disasters can shift public and political focus towards sustainable development practices.
5. They may also create opportunities for integrating traditional knowledge into modern environmental policies.

3. Examine the role of local self-governments in environmental decision-making.

1. Local self-governments provide grassroots perspectives, ensuring community needs are represented.
2. They play a critical role in implementing and monitoring environmental regulations at the local level.
3. Engagement with local bodies encourages public participation in environmental governance.
4. They can tailor environmental policies to suit specific regional ecological and socio-economic contexts.
5. Local self-governments can facilitate conflict resolution between development and conservation interests.

4. Estimate the long-term effects of ESA designation on local economies and communities.

1. ESA designation may limit traditional economic activities like mining, impacting local jobs.
2. It encourages the development of eco-tourism and sustainable agriculture as alternative livelihoods.
3. Long-term protection of ecosystems can enhance resources for fishing, agriculture, and forestry.
4. Communities may need support and training to transition to sustainable practices.
5. Effective ESA management can lead to improved quality of life through better environmental health.