Kharif and Rabi Foodgrain Production in India 2025

The Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan announced the Second Advance Estimates of major agricultural crops for the 2024-25 season. The estimates reveal increases in foodgrain production for both Kharif and Rabi seasons. This growth reflects the government’s ongoing efforts to enhance agricultural productivity and support farmers.

Kharif Foodgrain Production Estimates

The estimated Kharif foodgrain production stands at 1,663.91 lakh metric tonnes (LMT). Rice production during Kharif is projected at 1,206.79 LMT, a rise from 1,132.59 LMT in the previous year. Millets are estimated at 137.52 LMT. Nutri/coarse cereals production is expected to reach 385.63 LMT. Groundnut production is also anticipated to be higher, with estimates at 104.26 LMT, an increase of 17.66 LMT from last year.

Rabi Foodgrain Production Estimates

For the Rabi season, foodgrain production is estimated at 1,645.27 LMT. Rice production is projected to be 157.58 LMT. Wheat production is estimated at 1,154.30 LMT, up by 21.38 LMT from the previous year. Production of pulses, including Tur and Gram, is also , with estimates at 35.11 LMT and 115.35 LMT respectively. Lentil production is estimated at 18.17 LMT.

Production of Other Crops

Soybean production is expected to reach 151.32 LMT, an increase of 20.70 LMT from last year. The production of rapeseed and mustard is estimated at 128.73 LMT. Cotton production is projected at 294.25 lakh bales, and sugarcane production is estimated at 4,350.79 LMT. These figures indicate a robust agricultural output across various crop categories.

Government Initiatives

The Union government is actively working to improve the agricultural sector. Various schemes are in place to assist and encourage farmers. These initiatives have contributed to the record increase in agricultural crop production. The focus on sustainable practices and technological advancements is crucial for future growth.

Impact on Food Security

The increase in foodgrain production is vital for India’s food security. It supports the growing population and stabilises prices in the market. Enhanced agricultural productivity can also lead to improved livelihoods for farmers and rural communities.

Environmental Considerations

While increasing production is essential, it is equally important to consider environmental impacts. Sustainable farming practices must be adopted to ensure long-term viability. The government is promoting eco-friendly methods to balance productivity with environmental health.

Future Prospects

Looking ahead, the agricultural sector is poised for further advancements. Continued investment in technology and infrastructure will play role. The government aims to ensure that farmers receive the necessary support for sustained growth.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the impact of agricultural policies on food security in India.
2. Explain the significance of Kharif and Rabi seasons in Indian agriculture.
3. What are the challenges faced by the agricultural sector in India? Comment on potential solutions.
4. With suitable examples, underline the role of technology in enhancing agricultural productivity.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the impact of agricultural policies on food security in India.

1. Government policies aim to enhance food production through subsidies and support programs.
2. Increased production contributes to stabilizing food prices, thus improving accessibility.
3. Policies like the PM-KISAN scheme provide direct income support to farmers, boosting their purchasing power.
4. Food security is also addressed by improving storage and distribution systems to reduce wastage.
5. However, over-reliance on certain crops and monoculture practices can threaten long-term food security.

2. Explain the significance of Kharif and Rabi seasons in Indian agriculture.

1. Kharif crops are sown with the onset of the monsoon, crucial for rain-fed agriculture.
2. Rabi crops are sown in winter, relying on irrigation, thus diversifying agricultural output.
3. Both seasons contribute to India’s overall food production and economic stability.
4. They allow farmers to optimize the use of land and resources throughout the year.
5. The seasonal cycle influences crop choice, market availability, and pricing strategies.

3. What are the challenges faced by the agricultural sector in India? Comment on potential solutions.

1. Challenges include climate change, water scarcity, and soil degradation affecting productivity.
2. Poor infrastructure and access to markets hinder farmers from maximizing profits.
3. Small landholdings limit economies of scale, making it difficult for farmers to compete.
4. Potential solutions include promoting sustainable farming practices and improving irrigation systems.
5. Investment in agricultural technology and infrastructure can enhance productivity and market access.

4. With suitable examples, underline the role of technology in enhancing agricultural productivity.

1. Precision farming uses data analytics to optimize inputs, leading to higher yields.
2. Genetic engineering has produced high-yield and pest-resistant crop varieties, such as Bt cotton.
3. Mobile applications provide farmers with real-time weather updates and market prices, aiding decision-making.
4. Drip irrigation technology conserves water and increases efficiency in water use for crops.
5. Drone technology is being used for monitoring crop health and optimizing pesticide use.