The Chandrayaan-3 Rover has utilized the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument to detect Sulphur (S) on the lunar surface, marking the first-ever in-situ elemental composition measurements near the lunar South Pole. LIBS functions by subjecting materials to intense laser pulses, creating localized plasma whose emitted light is analyzed for characteristic wavelengths. This approach unveiled the presence of elements like Aluminum, Calcium, Iron, Chromium, and Titanium. Sulphur’s identification is particularly significant, hinting at lunar volcanic activity and offering insights into the Moon’s history and composition. The LIBS technology was developed by the Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS)/ISRO, Bengaluru.
Facts/Terms for UPSC Prelims
- Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS): A scientific technique that utilizes intense laser pulses to create plasma on material surfaces. The emitted light’s wavelengths are analyzed to determine elemental composition.
- Sulphur (S): An element identified on the lunar surface using LIBS. Its presence suggests potential volcanic activity in the Moon’s history.
- Elemental Composition: The types and relative proportions of elements within a material, crucial for understanding its properties and origins.
- Lunar South Pole: The region of the Moon’s southern hemisphere where the Chandrayaan-3 Rover conducted in-situ measurements, providing valuable insights into lunar composition.