Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is a very important figure in Indian history. He founded the Maratha Empire in the 17th century. His military strategies and governance laid the foundation for a resilient state. As we mark the 350th anniversary of his coronation, an exhibition in New Delhi celebrates his legacy. The exhibition showcases weapons and armour from Shivaji’s era, reflecting his military acumen and the evolution of warfare.
Historical Context
Shivaji’s rise began with his victory over General Afzal Khan at Pratapgarh Fort in 1659. This battle marked a turning point for the Marathas. Shivaji’s innovative tactics and guerrilla warfare techniques were crucial. His leadership inspired local farmers to join the military. This transformed the Maratha forces into a formidable power.
Exhibition Overview
The ‘Shivkaleen Shastraratre’ exhibition at the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts features over 800 artefacts. Curated by Rakesh Rao, it aims to educate the public on the arms and armour used during Shivaji’s reign. The exhibition includes the ‘wagh nakh’, a unique weapon used by Shivaji in his battle against Afzal Khan.
Notable Weapons
The exhibition marks various weapons. The ‘Vita’, a spear with a rope, was a deadly tool used by elite soldiers called ‘Vitekars’. The ‘Khanda’ sword, known for its blunt force capability, was also showcased. It could break through enemy armour. Additionally, the ‘Ghughi’ armour, made from sheep and goat wool, offered lightweight protection.
Weapons for Women and Children
An intriguing aspect of the exhibition is the display of weapons designed for women and children. These included swords and firearms, emphasising the importance of self-defence. Training with weapons from a young age was common. This practice instilled respect and understanding of warfare.
Naval Power
Shivaji understood the significance of a strong naval force. He established a fleet of 60 ships and around 5,000 men. This naval power was crucial for protecting India’s coastline. His strategies laid the groundwork for future maritime defence.
Contemporary Relevance
Shivaji’s legacy continues to inspire modern India. The Indian Navy’s new ensign pays tribute to his contributions. It features symbols representing the navy’s operational capabilities. This reflects the enduring impact of Shivaji’s vision on India’s maritime strength.
Questions for UPSC:
- Critically analyse the military strategies employed by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj during his reign.
- What were the key features of the Maratha naval power under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj? Explain its significance.
- Comment on the role of women in the Maratha military structure during Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s time.
- With suitable examples, explain the evolution of warfare tactics from the 17th century to modern times.
